Schools Should Not Be A Safe Haven - 862 Words

It is no doubt that when a school shooting occurs it shakes our nation to the core. When we send our children off to school daily there is a level of security that we expect, and rightfully so. Schools are supposed to be a safe-haven not a place of fear or dread. Unfortunately, for many students when their day at school begins so does their nightmare. Since school-aged children are already filled with anxiety, emotions, and hormones when you add any type of negative experiences such as, rejection, violence or being picked on you can quickly have a recipe for delinquent behavior. It is terrifying to think that one day your child is sent off to school and that is the day one of their peers decides to carry out an act of violence. Schools are dangerous, but not in the way we imagine. It seems like every few months we turn on the news to hear that there has been another tragic incident involving guns and violence at a school. However, The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) h as reported that over the last 5 years there has been a steady decline of homicides of youths 5-18 at school. This isn’t to say that the numbers aren’t heartbreaking, every time a child is harmed it is a chilling reminder that our nation has a huge problem that we are faced with. Delinquency in our schools go much deeper than the occasional shooting incident. Regarding violent attacks in a five year span personal weapons (the person’s hands, fist, feet etc.) were 3.4 times more likely to haveShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Teen Suicide856 Words   |  4 Pagesteens that decide to commit suicide and succeed, won’t live to see how life gets better. Schools need to start Some causes of teen suicide could include depression, stress from school and personal life, lack of sleep, and too much screen usage. In Iowa about 17% of high school students have reported to have thought about suicide, which is about 3% higher than the national average . Iowa’s percentage for high school students treated for suicide for suicide attempts is also higher than the national percentageRead MoreThe Positive Parenting Program Intervenes With Parenting Skills And The Needs Of The Family1079 Words   |  5 Pagesable to treat their children properly. Triple P has something called â€Å"Universal Triple P† which works with children up to the age of 16 . â€Å"It is a massive media campaign that takes advantage of local television, internet, radio, newspaper, and school systems to distribute their message to parents.†(Benedetti). Triple P also introduced an intervention known as Every Family which was also very successful. It was the first positive parenting strategy to produce important and successful effectsRead MoreI Met With My Host Teacher Essay976 Words   |  4 Pagesteacher at New Haven Elementary School. She works with seven low cognitively functioning students who vary in ages. Her classroom setting is not a typical classroom that would require a lot of collaboration. Most of Laura’s students are only in a general education classroom for specials. However, she does collaborate with the kindergarten teachers, as two of her students, we will call them S and K, attend â€Å"morning opening† in the kindergarten classroom. At the beginning of the school year, Laura andRead MoreEssay on The Safely Surrendered Baby Law1194 Words   |  5 Pagesaffected by teenagers, parents, schools, churches, and other community organizations. It also places a toll on all of the social services that exist to look after parents and children, including health care, child welfare, mental health care, and welfare. Parents who a bandon babies shortly after birth have fallen through the cracks of all of the mentioned public supports and social systems that exist to protect parents and children. Aside from the typical sex education; school-based services along withRead MoreMaintaining A Safe Environment At School844 Words   |  4 PagesHenderson 1 Madison Henderson Instructor Henry English 10H, Period 2 18 September 2015 Maintaining a Safe Environment at School The use of illicit drugs for all grades combined was 27.2% in the year 2014(â€Å"DrugFacts: High School and Youth Trends†). At a New Jersey high school, two girls were found smoking in the bathroom by a teacher. The teacher took the girls up to the vice principal immediately, then the vice principal asked both of the girls if they had been smoking in the bathroom. The firstRead MoreThe United States Involvement in Afghanistan: Education is Necessary1623 Words   |  7 Pages we have not done what should be done. What the United States needs to do is build, protect and support schools and education in Afghanistan. The arguments against this are numerous, but the main two are: it would cost too much, and it would not be successful because the Taliban or al-Qaeda would burn or close the schools. Arguments supporting this plan are: â€Å"...the cost of a single additional soldier stationed in Afghanistan for one year, we could build roughly 20 schools there.† (Kristof. 1). AsRead MoreSchool Attendance : A Safe Place For Students Essay1592 Words   |  7 PagesFor centuries, schools have been known as a safe place for students to obtain proper education. However, as time has past more safety issues in schools have arisen throughout the globe. With schools falling on a decline quickly, more work needs to be done in order to provide safe places dedicated to learning. Doing this will benefit students, parents, and teachers extraordinarily. While safety in schools today is extremely important, it also influences all students in educational, social, and emotionalRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Children1329 Words   |  6 Pagesrelationships we develop. The Theoretical Basis for Family Violence by Juliao and Nolan states explains that a child’s early experiences with the caregiver sets the stage for the development experiences. For the interaction to be beneficial for the child, it should be stable, enduring, and be a good represent ation of emotions between the caregiver and child. The beginning years of a child’s life are crucial and important to ensure the development of a child is appropriate to promote emotional health in the futureRead MoreReligious Speech And Symbolism Should Be Permissible On Public Property1236 Words   |  5 Pagesparticipating in prayer activities in our public schools. Let’s stop overlooking our First Amendment Law as individuals. The First Amendment Law clearly states that â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. The Supreme Court should therefore revisit its First Amendment jurisprudenceRead MoreEssay on School Violence919 Words   |  4 PagesThese are all warning signs of violence starting in schools. (Charlene Alexander) The Un ited States is facing an outbreak of seriously violent crimes in middle schools and high schools across the country. (Mechthid Schaefer) Violence in schools really affects students learning and their learning habits. If a student is being picked on or bullied, that causes them to feel socially withdrawn. In turn, this leads to the student not wanting to be in school or not being able to concentrate on what matters

Probation Is The Criminal Justice System - 2410 Words

Question one Probation is defined as ‘the conditional release of an offender into the community, under the supervision of a probation officer. The inclination made from this definition is that probation is not permanent and is revocable if certain conditions are not met as per the agreement between the criminal justice system and the offender (Schemalleger, 2009). The rations for probation are usually four: allowing the offender to be part of the community’s reintegration services. It relies on maintenance of family and social ties as a way of rehabilitating the offender. Probation also helps the offender not to face the danger of alienation from the society due to the stigmatization that usually happens in cases of imprisonment. The†¦show more content†¦The implication is that there exists a need on why probation needs to be upheld as a way of serving varying interests based on the evidence of its efficiency. Conclusively, there are loopholes in probation process such as incompetency, and this should only be a reason to make the involved bodies seek ways of sealing such loopholes. Question two Recidivism refers to repeated arrests for the crime. It merely infers to a person being arrested and going through the correctional services only to be rearrested again. As a taxpayer, recidivism is an important indicator of the efficiency of the billions of dollars being pumped into the criminal justice system. If recidivism is on the decline, it is a sign that the resources are being utilized in serving the collective societal needs. If not, it only points to a loss of resources. Recidivism is also an important factor in showing how safe a taxpayer in light of prevailing crimes. As such, recidivism is vital in proving effective resource utilization and safety needs of the community. Question three It is rather a question of opinion on whether probation officers can help offenders keep away from crime. It is a question that needs to be approached from a broad perspective, starting with an understanding of the probation process. Probation officers are only meant to supervise that theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Models of Criminal Justice: Exploring the Probation System1842 Words   |  8 Pagesmodels of criminal justice. The first one is the retributive theory while the second is the rehabilitative theory and the last is the restorative theory. The first basically concerns itself with the punishment of people by putting them in boot camps , in order to deter their ways. Such instills discipline and fear , which in turn reduces crime. The second one believes that working with these people change their ways reduce crime (The U .S . Penal System :Restorative and /or Retributive Justice . TheRead MoreHow Probation Officers Are Within Society And The Challenges Faced By People With The Criminal Justice System2297 Words   |  10 Pagesmy dissertation. Both of these theorists are considered members of the sociological cannon and influenced the work of later theorists. My dissertation will focus on how probation officers are situated in society and the challenges faced by people suffering from mental illness coming into contact with the criminal justice system. It will explore the welfare of officers, treatment of offenders, and the overall role of community supervision in the community. I will introduce my work and explain howRead MoreIntroduction. Toronto, Including The Greater Toronto Area,1316 Words   |  6 Pagesnumber over time and that change can cause an alteration of societal values, striving to change the criminal justice system. Youth probation officers have a role in the criminal justice system to supervise young offenders to ensure a compliance with court orders and are on good behaviour for an arranged period of time (Ministry of Community Safety and Correctional Service, 2016). Youth probation officers work in their assigned community to regulate and maintain the order of juvenile offenders withRead MoreProbation And Parole1305 Words   |  6 Pagesof probation and parole influences the decisions that are made in the Adult Court System toward the supervision of adult offenders by considering community corrections and involve supervision in the community. In the criminal justice system, there are many individuals locked up in local, state, and federal institutions. John Augustus probation bears much resemblance to probation as it is practiced today. He took great care in deciding which prisoners were promising candidates for probation. HeRead MoreEssay about Criminal Justice Internship1129 Words   |   5 PagesDallas County Adult Probation Denise Catherine Tobias 133 North Industrial Blvd Dr. Barrum Dallas, TX 75207 REPORT #7 Evaluation and Consolidation of Goals Your final report should be a complete report of your internship experiences under the title How I Evaluate Myself as a Future Criminal Justice Worker, and may not exceed five typed pages. Describe the extent to which the theoretical knowledge included yourRead MoreJuvenile Justice Systems And The Adult Justice System1049 Words   |  5 Pagesknowledge that the juvenile justice system and the regular adult justice system have differing regulations. Juveniles have different trial proceedings and rights than adult offenders because juveniles are minors and are still considered their parent s or the state’s responsibility. Minors are not seen as able to make important decisions regarding anything, like medical care, so it is logical that they are treated differently from the adults in the criminal justice system, from arrest to punishmentRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System Is A Big Part Of Why We Have Order1205 Words   |  5 PagesThe criminal justice sy stem is a big part of why we have order. If there was no criminal justice system and its components that keep it running, the population would run wild. There are three major components of the criminal justice system, the criminal courts, corrections, and law enforcement. These components help uphold the law and protect people from others who do break the law. The world is not perfect, but there have been many examples in real life and in literature and films that show whatRead MoreProbation Effectiveness And Perceptions Of Recidivism1316 Words   |  6 PagesProbation Effectiveness Perceptions of Recidivism As a citizen, a member of my community, and a taxpayer, I greatly admire the work that probation officers and other members of our corrections system do for our society. However, I do not believe enough is being done. Recidivism is â€Å"a person s relapse into criminal behavior, often after the person receives sanctions or undergoes intervention for a previous crime† (National Institute of Justice, 2014). Recidivism is an important measure of programRead MoreCommunity Justice1172 Words   |  5 PagesIs Community Justice a Factor in Traditional Correctional Functions? LaShawn McNair Professor Herbeck Criminal Justice and the Community April 15, 2012 When we hear the word corrections, most of us tend to think of a jail or prison. It is popularly believed that the function of corrections is merely to lock criminals up. Most of us don’t associate corrections with the community. The objective of my essay is to show the correlation between traditional correctional functions and communityRead MoreRehabilitation Paper1578 Words   |  7 Pageshave been created to form the rehabilitation process of criminal justice. This process has reached out to many offenders and their families by allowing them to return to the community as changed individuals. Rehabilitation has many different process, but most, if not all have been proven successful in returning offenders to the community as changed individuals. Rehabilitation is defined as a return to a previous form. In criminal justice, rehabilitation is referred as a designed attempt to change

The Andrew Jackson s War On Against The U.s. Bank

The Purpose of this essay is to discuss the Andrew Jackson Administration. I will first talk about Jackson’s war on against the U.S. Bank. Second, I will talk about the Presidential election of 1824, 1828, and 1832. Third, I will talk about the Indian Removal Act as well as the Trail of Tears. Fourth, the ways in which Jackson expanded the power of the president. Fifth and final, the Nullification Crisis of 1832. The Bank of the United States was technically the second bank of the U.S. since the first bank’s charter ended in 1811. The second bank held a monopoly over federal deposits, provided credit to growing enterprises, issued banknotes that served as a dependable medium of exchange, and used a restraining effect on the less well-managed state banks. Jackson didn’t trust the bank and thought it had too much power, so Jackson sought out to destroy it. There were two different groups when it came to opposition, â€Å"soft-money† and â€Å"hard-moneyâ₠¬ . Soft money supporters were progressive, they believed in economic growth and bank speculation. They supported the use of paper money and were mainly made up of bankers and allies to bankers. Hard money supporters were against expansion and bank speculation. They supported coinage only and rejected all banks that used paper money, which included the federal bank. Jackson was a hard money supporter although, he felt sympathy to the soft money supporters. Jackson could not legally end the bank before its charter expired. By removing theShow MoreRelatedThe Man Of History : Andrew Jackson1124 Words   |  5 PagesMEN OF HISTORY ISSUE #1 ANDREW JACKSON MEN OF HISTORY issue #1 ANDREW JACKSON 7TH PRESIDENT Andrew Jackson was born on March 15, 1767, in the area between North Carolina and South Carolina. He was a lawyer and a landowner, he became a national hero after beating the British at New Orleans during the War of 1812. Jackson was elected the seventh president of the United States in 1828. Known as the people s president, Jackson removed the Second Bank of the United States, founded the DemocraticRead MoreThe Legacy Of Andrew Jackson919 Words   |  4 Pagesof Irish colonizers in 1767, somewhere in the Carolina’s, Andrew Jackson received little formal education throughout his adolescence. During the British raid of the Carolinas in the 1780’s, Andrew Jackson, was taken as a prisoner of war, where in the course of his imprisonment, after refusing to clean and polish an English officer s boots, Jackson was struck across the face with a saber, leaving scars. In due course of the attack, Jackson lost his mother and two brothers to British forces, leavingRead MoreWhat Wa s Manifest Destiny And How Did The U.s.1036 Words   |  5 PagesWhat was Manifest Destiny and how did the U.S. carry it out in the first half of the 19th century? Manifest Destiny was a widely held, but vaguely defined belief system popular by many in the United States during the nineteenth century. The belief was that expansion by the U.S. was justified and something that was inevitable throughout the American continents to achieve and protect the interests of its citizens. They also thought they had a god given mission to lead the world in a peaceful transitionRead MoreThe Era Of Andrew Jackson1663 Words   |  7 PagesSedona Swanner History 1301 Mr. Spence November 10, 2015 The Era of Andrew Jackson Andrew Jackson was the seventh president of the United States, elected in eighteen twenty-eight. Prior to his presidency Andrew Jackson was well known and favored for his success against the British in the war of eighteen-twelve. Upon election, Andrew Jackson became known as the people’s president gaining the majority of electoral votes over his opponent John quincy Adams.Throughout his presidency many events occurredRead MoreThere Were Many Hardships Going On In Andrew Jacksons Life.1084 Words   |  5 Pagesmany hardships going on in Andrew Jacksons life. For example, being in poverty to studying law and becoming wealthy. To leading troops and soldiers to war and working his way up on becoming President the next. Andrew Jackson was born March 15, 1767, although the location of his birth is unknown; he himself says that he is from South Carolina, the son of Irish immigrants (History). His father had passed away three weeks after he was born. His mother, Elizabeth Jackson, died from getting cholera.Read MoreThe Legacy Of Andrew Jackson1523 Words   |  7 PagesAndrew Jackson was born on March 15, 1767 to Scots-Irish colonists Andrew and Elizabeth Hutchinson Jackson in the mountains between North and South Carolina. Jackson was born into poverty and as a result received very little education growing up. When The British invaded the Carolinas around 1780, Jackson’s mother and two brothers were killed during the conflict and British soldiers took the young Andrew Jackson prisoner, leaving him with a lifelong hostility toward Great Britain. In 1781, JacksonRead MoreAnalysis Of Andrew Jackson And Henry Clay853 Words   |  4 PagesAndrew Jackson and Henry Clay came from very similar backgro unds, yet they considered each other total opposites in regard to politics and morals. Both men became the leaders of two political parties: The Democrats, headed by Jackson, and the Whigs, headed by Clay. The main topics of debate between Jackson, Clay and their respective parties focused their arguments on the core principals of Clay’s American system, which were subsidies for internal improvements, protective tariffs and most importantlyRead MoreHow Democratic Was Andrew Jackson?1265 Words   |  6 Pages How Democratic Was Andrew Jackson? Looking at the ballots of 1828 and 1832, Andrew Jackson was clearly labeled as a Democratic Republic, a party founded by Thomas Jefferson. These Democrats supposedly believed in the ideas of a limited central government, states’ rights, and protection of the liberty of individuals. However, based on these principles, tyrannous â€Å"King Andrew I† may not be as democratic as one may think. Jackson shifted the Presidency to a more personal styleRead MoreAndrew Jackson s The First President Of The United States Of America Essay996 Words   |  4 PagesAndrew Jackson, the seventh president of the United States of America, was born on March 15, 1767 in South Carolina. His parents lived in south Carolina but no one is quite sure exactly where. Jackson was the third son of Irish immigrants. His father passed away few weeks before he was born. His mother, Elizabeth Jackson was a strong independent woman. When Andrews father died she was able to raise their three sons while living with Andrew s aunt. When Andrew was nine the Declaration was writtenRead MorePresident Andrew Jackson Should Stay On The 20 Dollar Bill1527 Words   |  7 Pagesachieving the status we now possess have been immortalized in our currency. President Andrew Jackson, is one of the few American leaders that was chosen to live on forever; however, many now argue whether or not Jackson truly deserves the honor to be represented in the 20 dollar bill--- arguing that there are other better qualified people to take his place; an example being Harriet Tubman. I believe that President Andrew Jackson should stay on the 20 dollar bill. Although many of his personal beliefs contradict

Child Abuse Prevention Community Project Essay - 1590 Words

Child Abuse Prevention Community Project Child abuse continues to be a significant problem in the United States including Mississippi and Lee County. Child abuse is defined as â€Å"Any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker that results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation; or an act or failure to act, which presents an imminent risk of serious harm† (Henderson, 2013, p.297). In the following paragraphs we will discuss current child abuse statistics in the United States, Mississippi, and Lee County. We will also list strengths within our community, partners who help prevent child abuse, and how our group will address child abuse in our community. According to the journal, Mississippi Kids Count: Child Abuse and Neglect in Mississippi, states typically recognize four types of child maltreatment: physical abuse, neglect, sexual abuse, and emotional abuse. Physical abuse is â€Å"any non-accidental injury caused to the child.† Neglect is the â€Å"the failure of a parent or other person with responsibility for the child to provide needed food, clothing, shelter, medical care, or supervision such that the child’s health, safety, and well-being are threatened with harm.† Sexual abuse is â€Å"various acts of sexual abuse, as well as the sexual exploitation of children.† And finally, emotional abuse is defined as â€Å"injury to the psychological capacity or emotional stability of the child as evidenced by an observable or substantialShow MoreRelatedThe Child Abuse Prevention And Treatment Act1136 Words   |  5 Pagesdefine child neglect and abuse is both criminal and civil. The civil definitions th at determine the grounds for intervention by State child protective agencies, at the Federal level, by the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) January 31, 1974.By the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America and Congress assembled this act may be cited as, â€Å"the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act. Section 3 of the Law said† For purposes of this Act the term child abuse andRead MoreChild Abuse Case Study1426 Words   |  6 Pageswith Zhicheng and conducted a comparative research study on the mandatory reporting of and immediate response system to child abuse cases perpetrated by parents and other caregivers in the United, Australia and China. The Foundation also worked with CiYou and organized an exchange program with Taiwan and the Philippines, which targeted key expert advisors in policy making on child protection and welfare in China. Activity 3.1: Provide technical advice to pilot efforts based on proven internationalRead MoreModule 1 Critique Child Advocacy Plans938 Words   |  4 PagesRUNNGHEAD: CRITIQUING CHILD ADVOCACY PLANS Critiquing Child Advocacy Plans Alma J. Bosket Child, Family, Community and Culture-ECH-325 Professor Elise Miller January 20, 2013 Critiquing Child Advocacy Plans Upon discussing with both the local elementary school administrator and the director of the Pre-K program on how they advocate the treatment of abuse to children. I discovered that inRead MoreSocial Movement : The Parent Movement1045 Words   |  5 PagesParent Movement – Background Since the start of the 1900s, parents throughout the United States have actively come together in a joined effort of productive ways to manage the health, care, and education of their children. In the area of substance abuse prevention, however, the â€Å"Parent Movement† first began in the late 1970s. At this time, parents began forming parental action groups, in acknowledgement of the rapid accelerated boost in the use of drugs amidst adolescent individuals. Many drugs, marijuanaRead More The Truth about Crime Prevention Essay1205 Words   |  5 PagesThe Truth about Crime Prevention The truth about crime prevention is more complicated –less utopian than some liberals would like, but far more promising than conservatives will admit. Prevention can work and that it can be far less costly, in every sense, than continuing to rely on incarceration as out first defense against violent crimes. Instead of simply insisting that prevention is better than incarceration, then, we need to pinpoint more clearly what kinds of prevention work—and why some programsRead MoreCrime Prevention1215 Words   |  5 PagesThe truth about crime prevention is more complicated Ââ€"less utopian than some liberals would like, but far more promising than conservatives will admit. Prevention can work and that it can be far less costly, in every sense, than continuing to rely on incarceration as out first defense against violent crimes. Instead of simply insisting that prevention is better than incarceration, then, we need to pinpoint more clearly what kinds of prevention workà ‚â€"and why some programs work and others do not, theRead MoreWhat Is Hapiness638 Words   |  3 Pagesand Violence Course Project: Intervention and Prevention Programs Course Code: PSY301 Submitted by: Stefanie Pitter Date: 09/10/2011 Introduction: You will gain an insight into the types of intervention and prevention programs for the various types of violence discussed during each week of the course. You will discuss and evaluate the practices designed to eliminate the impact of violence on children while becoming more aware of efforts in their own communities to intervene on behalfRead MoreThe First National Child Protection Legislation1434 Words   |  6 Pages â€Æ' Historical Justifications. In 1974, the first national child protection legislation, The Child Abuse Prevention and Treat Act (CAPTA) became effective to promote awareness to communities and states to engage in identifying and preventing child abuse (Stein 1984). In order to realize the objectives of the Act, abuse must be defined. Defining abuse is hard to set in stone, as one concern is whether both physical and emotional abuse should be included or only one (Stein 1984). Another concern isRead MoreSexual Abuse And Neglect Of All Children800 Words   |  4 Pageschildren who have suffered from physical abuse and the second article by Rich Lord Joe Smydo discusses the mental health issues in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. I had a patient who was removed from her abusive parent’s home; she was extremely bitter with the agency that removed her and placed her in foster care. The patient stated multiple times during our therapy times that she would have rather stayed with her parents because she knew the cycle of abuse however when she was placed with the fosterRead MoreEvidence-Based Home Visiting Practices1052 Words   |  5 PagesVisiting Practices Child maltreatment has serious implications for social work, because of the difficulties in intervening or preventing the occurrence of child maltreatment. Social work’s primary missions involve improving human well-being and human potential and assisting the vulnerable populations. In cases of child maltreatment, social worker’s need to be able to effectively recognize and respond to incidents of child maltreatment; as well as, effectively identify the causes of child maltreatment in

Comparison between Salazar and other Authoritarian Regime in the era Free Essays

Estado Novo or simply the New State was established after the overthrowing of the first republic in 1933. The second Republic was established by Antonio de Oliveira. This authoritarian regime adopted an integral orientation totally different from what characterized most of the fascist states in Europe. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison between Salazar and other Authoritarian Regime in the era or any similar topic only for you Order Now The basis of his authoritarian rule was on the premises of economic and political stability; he instituted major reforms which greatly privileged the people in the upper classes to the disadvantage of the poor section of the society. The regime that Salazar established was more inclined towards the church and there was much influence from it, perhaps this emanates from the fact that he was a strong catholic himself. It has been described as a nationalist political regime which was almost similar to the one established hy his italian counterpart , Benito Mussolini. The regime was nevertheless different from the Mussolini Fascism because of its different and less totalitarian leanings. His State was basically founded on the Catholicism and the Anti-communism ideologies. Salazar did not claim in developing power for his regime with the same degree as fascist did (Cook, B 2001) One of the outstanding difference between Salazar and other dictators is that he did not intiate the cult of personality instead he is more recognized for his mere simple and ascetic manners. â€Å"his one party system was based on a different premise to those of Germany and Italy,the ruling party Unicao Nacional was not intended as a radical means of reshaping political view and mobilizing political opinion rather it was a device to create consensus or to demobilize politics altogether. (Lee,Stephen 2000) The origin of Salazar and Hitler’s regimes is coincidental, Hitler and Salazar arose to power on the same year and precisely the same month, the two dictators’ ascension to power was seen by many as the hope of their nations. The two leaders had the same agendas but none seemed to be fascinated by the other. During the Second World War Portugal chose to remain neutral and safeguard her interest both locally and internationally. Her support for either of the sides would have threatened it own existence and the colonies it owned overseas. (Stanely, G 2008) Perhaps the common factor that the two dictators shared during this war period was the hatred towards soviet communism, they felt that rise of communism would be a great threat to the capitalist attitudes adopted by their regimes. (Lieitz, C 2000) notes that the two leaders worked very hard towards frustrating Soviet attempt to spread their communism ideologies to the different parts of Europe. Salazar and Franco of Portugal had a common fear of the Anglo-Russian agreement and the relationship that Russia was having with the United Nation. As time went on the two dictators greatly depended on Germany for trade as this was a very important element for their retention of their power, they felt that the rise of communist power would have a great influence and this would ultimately jeopardize their regimes. (Cull, N Holbrook, D, Welch, D 2003) Stanely, G (1987) attribute Salazar regime survival in power to his manipulative ability where he gave some fictitious power to some of the institutions, elections continued to be held where president was elected but he continued to control the most powerful office on the land, Stanely, G notes that Salazar allowed kept some kind of constitution dispensation something which was totally different with Franco’s regime. According to Stanely and Paney this â€Å" enabled Salazar to the degree of opprobrium suffered by the Franco regime in 1945†(p631). Despite being a dictator he was able to penetrate the walls made by the international community barring dictators the limelight enjoyed by the democracies especially in the western world. (Christian, L 2001) Despite the fact that Salazar wanted Portugal to thrive economically he has been described as having established a traditional and conservative regime. Compared to what Mussolini and his Germany counterpart achieved he fell short of industrializing his country. He had no ambitions of expansion â€Å"Portugal has no need for wars, usurpations or conquests† (Lee, Stephen 2000). Portugal seemed more satisfied with what they had explaining the reason why Salazar felt they should first preserve what they had acquired in the past, this contradicted with Hitler and Mussolini who felt that expansion was the only way to consolidate power. Salazar regime has been described as one of the milder dictatorships in the period after the two great wars. The carefully adopted policy initiated and approached by Salazar explains why his regime outlived the other right wing authorities but this longevity has been greatly attributed to the country’s delay in democratization. How to cite Comparison between Salazar and other Authoritarian Regime in the era, Papers

Familiarity Threat and Auditor Independence †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Familiarity Threat and Auditor Independence. Answer: Introduction: James Bromley disclosing tax information and helpful information to a new account is not violation of ethical standards. James has permission from his client to reveal the audit and tax information to the Jayne Godfrey who will be the new auditor. James providing other information information regarding the client product, services and potential services is within the auditing standards of professionalism. This practice doesnt interfere with the integrity, independence, and objectivity of the auditing standards. James orderly handover to Jayne will enhance professional competence which is within his due care. This professional behavior by James to disclose important information about the firm to be audited is in accordance with Auditing Standards section 304 and 204 on knowledge of the business and terms of enganagement respectively. Fred Hingarra who is an auditor coming back to practice auditing after spending several years in another profession is a violation of ethical principles. Fred violets the principle of being professionally competent after being away from the industry for six years. Six years is a long time to lose competence in undertaking auditing of a public company. Secondly, Fred action to get a professional indemnity insurance for his work is against the due care princinple of auditing. The auditor should be ready to take duty of care of his actions and opinion (Carey, Subramaniam, and Ching, 2006). Asquith Accountants advertising in a local paper is a violation of auditing ethics and principles. The firm giving special offer to clients is a form of persuading them to get the job of auditing. An advertisement in a local paper by an auditing firm to provide tax refund within 10days violates the principles of integrity through unprofessional behavior. The advertisement to appeal to a client also violets the principle of objectivity that cautions auditors from participating in activities that can impair or presume to impair unbiased assessment. Amy Harris taking a role of treasurer in a local not for profit business is not a violation of ethical principles. The local athletic club is not audited by the company that Amy works for. This shows that Amy Harris taking this position will not interference with her ability to execute her job as an auditor. The independence of an auditor will not be threaten by a post of treasurer in a not for profit organization. Therefore, there will be no violation of the auditing ethical principle of Amy taking the position and continuing her job as an auditor. Simtec Ltd advice to Gordan Accountants firm about the appropriateness of the final report is a violation of the ethical principles. First, the advise violets the independence of the auditors. The auditors independence to present the true and fair opinion of the financial statements of the company is threatened. This means that the Gordon Accountants actions and opinion will be influenced to one side. The auditor will be required to give a certain opinion in order to get his pay. Secondly, there is violation of the objectivity principle where the auditor is being involved in activities that are likely to impair unbiased opinion (O'Leary, and Stewart, 2007). This means that the auditor will be forced to give a biased opinion. This will also impair the professional judgment of an auditor. Lastly, the management of Simtec violent the terms of engagement with the auditing firm as stipulated in the Auditing standards AUS 710. David Dale entering into contact with Cheap Insurance Company is a violation of ethical principles. Davids action violates the ethical principle of confidentiality. The Cheap Insurance Company wants David to use the information he has from the auditing process to recommend clients. First, this will lead to David using the information from the audited firms without their authority. Secondly, the David uses the audited information for personal benefits. The Cheap Insurance Company is promising 5% for every client that David will get. This is against the confidentiality principle that requires respect the value of information they acquire in the process of auditing (Craswell, Stokes, and Laughton, 2002). The auditor should protect the information acquired. Lastly, it against the law and objectives for an auditor to use audit information for personal gain. Therefore, David will be violating confidentiality ethical principle. Ellen Davis taking the role in the audit team that will audit Jenkins Ltd threats the independence of the auditing process. Ellen Davis worked as a senior accounts manager for Jenkins Ltd and therefore can be used to audit the financial statements that she prepared. Using Ellen in this case will lead to conflicts of interests. This situation will be as a result of a relationship that Ellen had for four months with the entity that is to be audited. Ellen being part of the team to audit the financial statement of Jenkins Ltd will be influenced by her to make biased opinion. This will not necessary represent the true and fair financial position of the company being audited. John Dargin auditing Winmalee Ltd does not threaten the independence of auditors. The financial records of Winmalee Ltd have taken an optimistic approach on valuating their intangible assets which will require the auditor to understand the approach to give an opinion. Secondly, the Winmale Ltd provided all the details of it senior staff about their profits performance and all information about the accounting standards used. Though the approach is sympathetic the auditor independence is not threatened by it will be difficult to give an opinion based on the accounting standards set in Australia. John will therefore be require3d to give an opinion according to company approach or give a qualified opinion that the preparation of the financial statements were not in accordance with the generally accepted standards of accounting in Australia. An invite to visit a subsidiary or branch of the company does not threaten an independence of the auditor. Visiting the shop where defective chocolates are sold at a discount price increases the auditors knowledge of the business that is being audited. This will allow the auditor to have knowledge of the firms disposal of defect chocolates. Therefore, an invitation to a second shop in the process of auditing will not interfere with the auditors independence (Ye, Carson, and Simnett, 2011). The managing director request for a flexible approach in audit is a threat to the auditors independence. The manager influence on the audit report threatens the unbiased of the report. The auditor will not be able to give the true and fair state of the Companys financial position. This will be as a result of interference on the process of auditing. The auditor should be the one to choose the approach of auditing the financial statements of the company. On the other account, it against the law for the Managing Director to meet an auditor prior to commencement of the auditing process. Elaine Ong being a senior member of an audit team and having dating the senior Accountant threatens the independence of the auditing process. Elaine will not be able to give unbiased opinion about the accounts that are prepared or supervised by an individual who have an intimate relationship. There will be a conflict of interest in the process of auditing. First, the Elaine Ong will be biased to protect her relationship with the Accountant. This will jeopardize the whole process leading to an instance where opinion is biased. Secondly, the relationship between Elaine and James will lead to self interests to safe guard the boyfriend job. This will lead to Elaine giving unqualified opinion. Therefore, the relationship between Elaine and James will lead to conflict between the shareholders interests and their interests. Elaine will then work to serve her interest at the expense of the shareholders interests. Elaine should not be part of the audit team because her relationship with the a ccountant in the firm to be audited. Therefore, having a relationship conflicts interests that threatens the independence of the auditors (Hussey, 2007). Diane Polo playing in the same team with Elise Lift who is a senior Account ant and several other members of the Rangers Ltd that is to be audited does not threaten the independence of the auditing report. The relationship between Diane, Elise and other members of staff of the Rangers is for playing softball. The relationship is of playmates. This relationship does not have shared interests in business. The auditing opinion that will be given in the auditing report will not affect Diane in any way. The independence of Diane to make judgment in this case will not be influenced by the playmates in the company. The independence can only be threatens when the relationship between the auditor and a member in the team has vested interests that can jeopardize shareholders interests (van der Wiele et al., 2011). Details of auditors report on financial statements First, the auditor reports contains details on whether the financial statements are prepared in consistent with the accepted accounting principles. The financial statement in Australia should be prepared in accordance with Australian Accounting standards (AAS). These standards are the same as international Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs). These standards are to be met in the financial statements for an opinion of unqualified in the audit report. The compliance with AAS standards makes it easy for an auditor to understand the financial statement when auditing them. Second, the audit report contains a statement of financial statements on compliance with relevant statutory requirement. The audit report shows whether the financial statement complied with statutory regulations such as taxes. The report shows how if the compliance of met by the company that was being audited. Third, audit report gives details about the disclosure of materials that were important to the process of auditing. This is disclosure require all relevant materials be disclosed for the purpose of auditing. Disclosure is important for the auditor to establish true and fair financial position of the company (Stewart, and Subramaniam, 2010). For instance, disclosure of the inventory helps the auditor understand the methods of valuation used. Fourth, the audit reports contains changes that were made in the accounting principles or any other methods used in preparation of the financial statement. The report shows their effect on the financial statements that that they have been disclosed and properly determined in the financial statements. The auditors report also contains details that include; a title indicating independent, a statement that financial statements were audited, a statement indicating that the financial statements are managements responsibility and a signature of the auditor which can be manual or printed. Lastly, the auditors report contains the opinion of the auditor. This is the most important part of the audit report. It expresses the opinion of the auditor from the auditing process of an entity. The auditors opinion can be qualified, unqualified, or adverse opinion. Qualified opinion shows that the financial statements of an entity did not follow the Accounting Standards as contained in AASB standards. Unqualified opinion shows that the financial statements audited complied with the accounting standards and that they show the true and fair state of the entity financial position. Adverse opinion shows that there is misstatement in the financial statement of an entity that affects financial statements. References Carey, P., Subramaniam, N. and Ching, K.C.W., 2006. Internal audit outsourcing in Australia. Accounting Finance, 46(1), pp.11-30. Craswell, A., Stokes, D.J. and Laughton, J., 2002. Auditor independence and fee dependence. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 33(2), pp.253-275.. Christopher, J., Sarens, G. and Leung, P., 2009. A critical analysis of the independence of the internal audit function: evidence from Australia. Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal, 22(2), pp.200-220. Hussey, R., 2007. The familiarity threat and auditor independence. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 7(2), pp.190-197. Jones, J., Massey, D.W. and Thorne, L., 2003. Auditors'ethical reasoning: insights from past research and implications for the future. Journal of Accounting Literature, 22, p.45. O'Leary, C. and Stewart, J., 2007. Governance factors affecting internal auditors' ethical decision-making: An exploratory study. Managerial Auditing Journal, 22(8), pp.787-808. Stewart, J. and Subramaniam, N., 2010. Internal audit independence and objectivity: emerging research opportunities. Managerial auditing journal, 25(4), pp.328-360. Tsui, J. and Windsor, C., 2001. Some cross-cultural evidence on ethical reasoning. Journal of Business Ethics, 31(2), pp.143-150. van der Wiele, T., Kok, P., McKenna, R. and Brown, A., 2001. A corporate social responsibility audit within a quality management framework. Journal of Business Ethics, 31(4), pp.285-297 Ye, P., Carson, E. and Simnett, R., 2011. Threats to auditor independence: The impact of relationship and economic bonds. Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory, 30(1), pp.121-148.