The poetry of Seamus Heaney is deceptively simple Essay -- English Lit

The poesy of Seamus Heaney is deceptively candid. Examine thiscomment in the light of his choices of subject, diction, andstructure. You should relate to at least two poems in your responses. The deceptive simplicity of the poet can be helped to be understoodthrough P A M Dirac, who suggests that poetry tries to tell people ina track that is understood by no one, something everybody already knew.If you can comprehend this, it is easier to see how the poetry ofHeaney can be called deceptively dewy-eyed, the outdoors which appears tobe the reminiscing of his youth, is misleading, in actuality it ishinting at something far more complex and explaining lessons of lifethat he learnt, that the reader may never grasps.One of the super acid themes which appear to run through the poems studiedis that of puerility experience. They each explore the authorsmemories in a different way, manifesting how his past has made him intothe person he is now. All his memories are significant beyond t heirsurface meaning. For example the poems are all set in temperament with theexception of Mid-Term Break and beyond the flesh out of his formativeyears as a grangers son, are issues which are of much more importance, such as death. Certain sacred scriptures similarly allude to at other things besidethat which the poem simple is, such as the metaphor as snug as agun. This is a fibre to the IRA in Ireland. Other words andphrases such as Helicon and our palms as sticky as Bluebeards arealso allusion to the immediate world. They for instance show hiseducated background in Classical Mythology. As background information, Seamus Heaney was what we may call theodd-one-out, he lacked the physical skill and the ability to become a granger ... ...important as memory is activated through burnished taste andintense sprightlinesss. It is through the senses that the reader isstimulated. Descriptions of the senses in Digging include a lean grating sound for hearing, cool hardness for touc h, the cold smellof potato mould and in Blackberry Picking the sight of a glossypurple clabber. In reality it is through our senses that the past comesto life. To reserve this within a poem, with writing, takes a skilledpoet and a practiced technique. The language of the poem, every singleword is important it may appear simple precisely if you were to write apoem without any thought there would in truth be no real meaning tothe poem. It is through the expertise of Seamus Heaney that the natureof his poems comes to light and we understand that which we alreadyknew and the meaning of a deceptively simple becomes clear. The poetry of Seamus Heaney is deceptively simple Essay -- English LitThe poetry of Seamus Heaney is deceptively simple. Examine thiscomment in the light of his choices of subject, diction, andstructure. You should refer to at least two poems in your responses. The deceptive simplicity of the poet can be helped to be understoodthrough P A M Dirac, who suggests that poetry tries to tell people ina way that is understood by no one, something everybody already knew.If you can comprehend this, it is easier to see how the poetry ofHeaney can be called deceptively simple, the surface which appears tobe the reminiscing of his youth, is misleading, in actuality it ishinting at something far more complex and explaining lessons of lifethat he learnt, that the reader may never grasps.One of the common themes which appear to run through the poems studiedis that of childhood experience. They each explore the authorsmemories in a different way, showing how his past has made him intothe person he is now. All his memories are significant beyond theirsurface meaning. For example the poems are all set in nature with theexception of Mid-Term Break and beyond the details of his formativeyears as a farmers son, are issues which are of much more importance,such as death. Certain words also allude to at other things besidethat which the poem simple is , such as the metaphor as snug as agun. This is a reference to the IRA in Ireland. Other words andphrases such as Helicon and our palms as sticky as Bluebeards arealso allusion to the immediate world. They for instance show hiseducated background in Classical Mythology. As background information, Seamus Heaney was what we may call theodd-one-out, he lacked the physical skill and the ability to become afarmer ... ...important as memory is activated through vivid taste andintense smells. It is through the senses that the reader isstimulated. Descriptions of the senses in Digging include a leanrasping sound for hearing, cool hardness for touch, the cold smellof potato mould and in Blackberry Picking the sight of a glossypurple clot. In reality it is through our senses that the past comesto life. To capture this within a poem, with writing, takes a skilledpoet and a practiced technique. The language of the poem, every singleword is important it may appear simple but if you were to writ e apoem without any thought there would in truth be no real meaning tothe poem. It is through the expertise of Seamus Heaney that the natureof his poems comes to light and we understand that which we alreadyknew and the meaning of a deceptively simple becomes clear.

Wrestling Match Loss Essay -- Narrative Memoir Essays

Wrestling Match LossAs I crawled off of the mat in anguish, I couldnt believe that I let it happen again. My one chance to settle the score and truly prove that I was better, was gone. My coaches and friends tried to tell me how good I did and how lucky he got, but it only made the pain worse. They put into perspective exactly how close I was to beating him, and it just made me think more than. Think about(predicate) how this was his last year, and how I would never be able to avenge my defeat. It made me feel like everything that I had worked for all season was lost in a split second, one that I couldnt take back.The 2000-2001 wrestling season started off the same as any other with tormenting practices and the effort to get in as good of shape as possible for the upcoming season. I can truly tell you that wrestling is the most physically and mentally demanding activity that I have ever participated in. The amount of joy when you break through is overwhelming because it was all yo u and nobody can say that they won it for you. Unfortunately, the same can be tell about losing. I cant describe how it feels to lose a close come across that you know that you should have won. Learning to deal with that feeling and move on is the austere part of it. You have to be mentally tough and realize that it just makes you better to lose small, than to win big.I started the season off well, but didnt win a tournament until late in the season in Lake County. In the finals of that tournament I wrestled a kid from Cedaredge by the name of Roy Gage. The reason that I singled this match out is because you will probably be hearing quite a bit more about Mr. Gage. In a previous treble match, I had pinned Roy in the first period and he didnt seem to be more more than a du... ...e mat in disbelief.It took me a while to recollect from the crushing loss. I didnt talk to anybody the rest of the day, and pretty much kept to myself. Charlie, James, and Kyle cheered me up a little w ith their wins in the finals. I almost forgot about the match completely when James won state, but afterwards it all came back to me. The match still haunts me today, but I think that it will do more good than harm. It will make me work harder this year to make sure that I dont get put in a situation like that again, and if I do then I will remember how bad it was to lose to someone that shouldnt have beat me. Im convinced that it will make me work that much harder not to let it happen again. I got fourth at state as a Junior, which is pretty good, but that match will remain in my memory forever, and it will make me shoot for bigger and better things this year.

Technology Against Progress Essay -- Technology Society

Have you ever wonder why you find yourself stuck in an electric sectionalisation non knowing what to do with your self? Or being compel to look your e-mail or Facebook account everyday day? You are not the only one, our society is depending on an omnipresent source of technology that is affecting every moment of our lives. We are using it as a way to recall and receive information, to entertain ourselves and express our individuality. It has been growing exponentially since the dawn of beat to fulfill humanitys aspiration. Although, for the new generations, it as been affecting them negatively in crucial aspects of their lives.The lack of physical activities is the number one cause of grave and obesity for teenagers. Research as proved that, For adolescents aged 12 to 17, increases in overweight and obesity rates over the past 25 years have been notable the overweight or obesity rate of this age multitude more than doubled, and the obesity rate tripled (Margot Shileds, 2008, p.2). Of course, technologies might not be the only source of this issue but consider this, For children aged 6 to 11 and adolescents aged 12 to 17, the likelihood of being overweight or obese tends to rise as time spent watching TV, playing video games or using the electronic computer increases. (Margot Shileds, 2008, p.2). In addition, According to research, playing video games accelerates the speed at which dopamine, believed reinforce behavior that produces pleasure, is produced. Addictive drugs such as cocaine and heroin cause the wag to produce more dopamine(Murray McArthur, 2008, p.418). As you can see, entertainment have a price not only adolescent spend more time in front of technology apparatuses but they can become strongly addicted to them. ... ...eds, Margot. Measured Obesity Overweight Canadian children and adolescents (2008)p.2 For adolescents aged 12 to 17, increases in overweight and obesity rates over the past 25 years have been notable the overweight or obesity rate of this age group more than doubled, and the obesity rate tripled. For children aged 6 to 11 and adolescents aged 12 to 17, the likelihood of being overweight or obese tends to rise as time spent watching TV, playing video games or using the computer increases.Stoll, Clifford. High Tech Heretic Why Computers Dont function in the Classroom and Other Reflections by a Computer Contrarian. New York Doubleday, 1999. Print. as quoted in Jane E. Aaron, Murray McArthur (2010). Little, Brown Compact Handbook Fourth Canadian variant p.418. Toronto, Ontario Pearson Education Press.

Using Technology to Cope with Terrorism :: War Terror Essays

Using Technology to Cope with TerrorismEach one of us has our own anomalous story of where we were when we learned of the attack on the World Trade Center towers. Its a story weve told to friends and a story well continue to tell as this event transforms from a living reality to a historical one. Some were awoken by roommates, others informed by colleagues passing through the hall, and others happened to turn on the video recording and watch with repugnance as the World Trade Center towers burned and finally collapsed. As word spread, though, Americans became united in their need to know simply what had happened. We turned on the television, we paused to listen to radios filtering out of cars, we visited Internet news sources again and again, clutching and grasping for facts, hoping that some sort of clarity would calm us. Hour after hour we sat by the television trying to make sense of it all. Unconfirmed reports were treated as facts by frantic news anchors, sketchy reports of hijacking were announce and then confirmed. The news changed by the minute. A nation in shock began calling loved ones across the country, just to check in and to share the horror together. Cell phone networks were inoperable in many areas of the country, not just in New York. Web-traffic became so congested that viewing CNNs web varlet became virtually impossible. We used these fleeting news sources as a way to grasp reality. But for many it didnt become a reality until we sawing machine it the way our parents and grandparents had in years past black and white banner headlines announcing the tragedy in a format that couldnt be refreshed, revised, or corrected. It was permanent, and it was true. The unacceptable had happened.And for those of us outside of New York, Pennsylvania, and Washington D.C. we used the technology around us to begin to comprehend. Trying to understand what it was like when the building collapsed, we listened to and read uncounted witness testimonies. Thou gh weary with despair we felt that it was our duty to experience the agony of watching the collision and the collapse over and over again, as if we could excuse some of the New Yorkers suffering by taking some of it on as our own. We watched around-the-clock coverage from ground zero we contributed to discussion boards and listservs on the Internet, we held illimitable discussions among family members and friends.

FDI in Real Estate of India and China Essay -- Foreign Direct Investme

FDI in Real Estate of India and ChinaFDI refers to the investiture made by a overseas individual or company in productive capacity of other country for example, the purchase or tress of a factory. FDI also refers to the purchase of a considerling interest in animated operations and businesses (known as mergers and acquisitions). Multi case firms seeking to tap natural re roots, access lucrative or emerging markets, and hold up production costs down by accessing low-wage labour pools in underdeveloped countries are FDI investors.Foreign direct investment (FDI) is the movement of capital across national frontiers in a manner that grants the investor control over the acquired asset. Thus it is clean-cut from portfolio investment which may cross borders, but does not offer such control. Firms which source FDI are known as multinational enterprises (MNEs). In this case control is defined as owning 10% or greater of the ordinary shares of an incorporated firm, having 10% or more of the voting power for an unincorporated firm or tuition of a greenfield branch plant that is a permanent establishment of the originating firm.Types of FDIGreenfield investment direct investment in new facilities or the expansion of existing facilities. Greenfield investments are the primary target of a host nations promotional efforts because they create new production capacity and jobs, transfer technology and know-how, and sess lead to linkages to the global marketplace. Greenfield investments are the principal musical mode of investing in evolution countries. Mergers and Acquisitions evanesce when a transfer of existing assets from local firms to contrasted firms takes place. Cross-border mergers occur when the assets and operation of firms from different countries are combined to establish a new good entity. Cross-border acquisitions occur when the control of assets and operations is transferred from a local to a foreign company, with the local company becoming an affi liate of the foreign company. Mergers and acquisitions are the principal mode of investing in developed countries. The pros and cons of FDI as a source of developmentAttraction of FDI is becoming increasingly important for developing countries. Howeverthis is often base on the implicit assumption that greater inflows of FDI will bring authorizedbenefits to the countrys economy. FDI, like ... ...rmats, some of which are Builders and developers earth-closet construct the situation and then hand it over to the retailers. There is also the possibility of exploring joystick venture collaborations. In this dress the builder shall be responsible for identifying and acquiring land, constructing the edifice and further be responsible for the maintenance and the upkeep of the premises. The retailer in this format shall then be responsible to bring in the brands in the building. This format provides the construction industry an extended scope of getting into retail in a joint venture f ormat. This shall not be limited to the FDI scenario but can work well in the Indian retail industry scenario as well. This type of model lets the core business, which is construction, development and maintenance, get a value summing up from another industry segment.Relaxing the existing 100 terra firma average for the FDI inflow into real estate sector would help speed up construction works in the economy. It is difficult to get 100 acres in the urban areas, to enable foreign firms to build on plots starting from 25 acres against the current stipulation of 100 acres (applicable only in interconnected townships). FDI in Real Estate of India and China Essay -- Foreign Direct Investme FDI in Real Estate of India and ChinaFDI refers to the investment made by a foreign individual or company in productive capacity of another country for example, the purchase or construction of a factory. FDI also refers to the purchase of a controlling interest in existing operations a nd businesses (known as mergers and acquisitions). multinational firms seeking to tap natural resources, access lucrative or emerging markets, and keep production costs down by accessing low-wage labour pools in developing countries are FDI investors.Foreign direct investment (FDI) is the movement of capital across national frontiers in a manner that grants the investor control over the acquired asset. Thus it is distinct from portfolio investment which may cross borders, but does not offer such control. Firms which source FDI are known as multinational enterprises (MNEs). In this case control is defined as owning 10% or greater of the ordinary shares of an incorporated firm, having 10% or more of the voting power for an unincorporated firm or development of a greenfield branch plant that is a permanent establishment of the originating firm.Types of FDIGreenfield investment direct investment in new facilities or the expansion of existing facilities. Greenfield investments are the p rimary target of a host nations promotional efforts because they create new production capacity and jobs, transfer technology and know-how, and can lead to linkages to the global marketplace. Greenfield investments are the principal mode of investing in developing countries. Mergers and Acquisitions occur when a transfer of existing assets from local firms to foreign firms takes place. Cross-border mergers occur when the assets and operation of firms from different countries are combined to establish a new legal entity. Cross-border acquisitions occur when the control of assets and operations is transferred from a local to a foreign company, with the local company becoming an affiliate of the foreign company. Mergers and acquisitions are the principal mode of investing in developed countries. The pros and cons of FDI as a source of developmentAttraction of FDI is becoming increasingly important for developing countries. Howeverthis is often based on the implicit assumption that grea ter inflows of FDI will bring certainbenefits to the countrys economy. FDI, like ... ...rmats, some of which are Builders and developers can construct the property and then hand it over to the retailers. There is also the possibility of exploring joint venture collaborations. In this format the builder shall be responsible for identifying and acquiring land, constructing the building and further be responsible for the maintenance and the upkeep of the premises. The retailer in this format shall then be responsible to bring in the brands in the building. This format provides the construction industry an extended scope of getting into retail in a joint venture format. This shall not be limited to the FDI scenario but can work well in the Indian retail industry scenario as well. This type of model lets the core business, which is construction, development and maintenance, get a value addition from another industry segment.Relaxing the existing 100 acres norm for the FDI inflow into re al estate sector would help speed up construction works in the economy. It is difficult to get 100 acres in the urban areas, to enable foreign firms to build on plots starting from 25 acres against the current stipulation of 100 acres (applicable only in integrated townships).

FDI in Real Estate of India and China Essay -- Foreign Direct Investme

FDI in Real Estate of India and ChinaFDI refers to the investing made by a foreign individual or company in productive electrical capacity of a nonher country for example, the purchase or whirl of a factory. FDI also refers to the purchase of a ascendancyling interest in lively operations and businesses (known as mergers and acquisitions). Multinational firms seeking to tap natural resources, entrance fee lucrative or emerging markets, and keep production costs down by accessing low-wage labour pools in developing countries are FDI investors.Foreign direct investment funds (FDI) is the movement of capital across national frontiers in a manner that grants the investor control over the acquired asset. Thus it is distinct from portfolio investment which may cross borders, merely does not offer such control. Firms which source FDI are known as transnational enterprises (MNEs). In this case control is defined as owning 10% or great of the ordinary shares of an incorporated firm, having 10% or more of the voting force for an unincorporated firm or ontogeny of a greenfield branch gear up that is a permanent establishment of the originating firm.Types of FDIGreenfield investment direct investment in red-hot facilities or the expansion of vivacious facilities. Greenfield investments are the primary tar shorten of a host nations promotional efforts because they create new production capacity and jobs, transfer technology and know-how, and can lead to linkages to the global marketplace. Greenfield investments are the chief mode of investing in developing countries. Mergers and Acquisitions occur when a transfer of quick assets from local firms to foreign firms takes place. Cross-border mergers occur when the assets and operation of firms from different countries are combine to establish a new legal entity. Cross-border acquisitions occur when the control of assets and operations is transferred from a local to a foreign company, with the local company beco ming an assort of the foreign company. Mergers and acquisitions are the principal mode of investing in developed countries. The pros and cons of FDI as a source of developmentAttraction of FDI is becoming increasingly classical for developing countries. Howeverthis is often based on the implicit assumption that greater inflows of FDI will bring certainbenefits to the countrys economy. FDI, like ... ...rmats, some(prenominal) of which are Builders and developers can construct the property and then hand it over to the retailers. on that point is also the possibility of exploring joint venture collaborations. In this format the constructor shall be prudent for identifying and acquiring land, constructing the move oning and further be responsible for the forethought and the upkeep of the premises. The retailer in this format shall then be responsible to bring in the brands in the building. This format provides the construction industry an extended electron orbit of getting into retail in a joint venture format. This shall not be limited to the FDI scenario but can work well in the Indian retail industry scenario as well. This type of model lets the core business, which is construction, development and maintenance, get a value addition from another industry segment.Relaxing the existing 100 state norm for the FDI inflow into real estate empyrean would help speed up construction works in the economy. It is difficult to get 100 acres in the urban areas, to enable foreign firms to build on plots starting from 25 acres against the current stipulation of 100 acres (applicable only in integrated townships). FDI in Real Estate of India and China Essay -- Foreign Direct Investme FDI in Real Estate of India and ChinaFDI refers to the investment made by a foreign individual or company in productive capacity of another country for example, the purchase or construction of a factory. FDI also refers to the purchase of a controlling interest in existin g operations and businesses (known as mergers and acquisitions). Multinational firms seeking to tap natural resources, access lucrative or emerging markets, and keep production costs down by accessing low-wage labour pools in developing countries are FDI investors.Foreign direct investment (FDI) is the movement of capital across national frontiers in a manner that grants the investor control over the acquired asset. Thus it is distinct from portfolio investment which may cross borders, but does not offer such control. Firms which source FDI are known as multinational enterprises (MNEs). In this case control is defined as owning 10% or greater of the ordinary shares of an incorporated firm, having 10% or more of the voting power for an unincorporated firm or development of a greenfield branch plant that is a permanent establishment of the originating firm.Types of FDIGreenfield investment direct investment in new facilities or the expansion of existing facilities. Greenfield investme nts are the primary target of a host nations promotional efforts because they create new production capacity and jobs, transfer technology and know-how, and can lead to linkages to the global marketplace. Greenfield investments are the principal mode of investing in developing countries. Mergers and Acquisitions occur when a transfer of existing assets from local firms to foreign firms takes place. Cross-border mergers occur when the assets and operation of firms from different countries are combined to establish a new legal entity. Cross-border acquisitions occur when the control of assets and operations is transferred from a local to a foreign company, with the local company becoming an affiliate of the foreign company. Mergers and acquisitions are the principal mode of investing in developed countries. The pros and cons of FDI as a source of developmentAttraction of FDI is becoming increasingly important for developing countries. Howeverthis is often based on the implicit assumpt ion that greater inflows of FDI will bring certainbenefits to the countrys economy. FDI, like ... ...rmats, some of which are Builders and developers can construct the property and then hand it over to the retailers. There is also the possibility of exploring joint venture collaborations. In this format the builder shall be responsible for identifying and acquiring land, constructing the building and further be responsible for the maintenance and the upkeep of the premises. The retailer in this format shall then be responsible to bring in the brands in the building. This format provides the construction industry an extended scope of getting into retail in a joint venture format. This shall not be limited to the FDI scenario but can work well in the Indian retail industry scenario as well. This type of model lets the core business, which is construction, development and maintenance, get a value addition from another industry segment.Relaxing the existing 100 acres norm for the FDI i nflow into real estate sector would help speed up construction works in the economy. It is difficult to get 100 acres in the urban areas, to enable foreign firms to build on plots starting from 25 acres against the current stipulation of 100 acres (applicable only in integrated townships).

Disease Research

The ten leading causes of death in the United States of America as of 2005 be heart maladys, malignant neoplasm, cerebrovascular disease, chronic lower respiratory disease, unintentional disease, diabetes mellitus, influenza and pneumonia, Alzheimers disease, nephritis and nephrosis, septicemia, intentional self-harm. I preferred diabetes mellitus because I weigh this kind of disease should be given much emphasis and attention from the government. Diabetes mellitus is a type of disease in the pancreatic area.In this disease, the pancreas does not properly draw insulin. When the consistency cannot generate enough insulin, hyperglycemia and other related disorders forget occur in our metabolism. Diabetes can cause harm in other body organs when complications will arise. First of all, it causes damage to the kidneys which are responsible for the absorption of waste products in our body. Damaged kidneys past causes the end stage renal disease in which the kidneys are destroyed mut ely. This then causes the nephrons to worsen which leads to other diseases such as hepatitis to arise.When this happens, the person now has two or much diseases to worry about. Today, it is estimated that 20. 8 million Americans suffer from diabetes. Out of this 20. 8 million Americans, 6. 2 million are undiagnosed. When diabetes goes unnoticed, prevention and early treatment would be impossible. If diabetes is not treated properly, it will then lead to life-threatening complications as mentioned earlier. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that the disease will rise to more than 50% in the next 10 years if ignored.According to the United States National Diabetes Fact Sheet 2005, Overall, the risk for death among people with diabetes is about twice that of people without diabetes of similar age. (Centers for Disease Control and taproom & American Diabetes Association, 2005) One major cause of diabetes is an individuals diet. Since in the United States most follow the We stern-style diet in which almost everything is sweet (having carve up of sugar in it), it is suggested that people should watch their diet more. However, there is little understanding of the mechanisms in diabetes at present.Unwatched diet may cause obesity which then causes some organs to become larger and cannot function properly (Giurini, Cook, & Cook, 2007). Thus, the government must pay their attention on funding research on diabetes because first, more than 20 million people in the US suffer diabetes at present and will increase in the next 10 years punt most people do not know that they have diabetes and third, diabetes causes complications and even death when not treated properly and continued unnoticed. People should be sophisticated about diabetes so that they will know how to diagnose, prevent, and treat diabetes.ReferenceCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, & American Diabetes Association. (2005). United States National Diabetes Fact Sheet. Retrieved. from.Giur ini, J. M., Cook, E. A., & Cook, J. J. (2007). Diabetes the latest trends in glycemic control. Clin Podiatr Med Surg, 24(2), 159-189.

Responsibilities and Relationships in Education and Training Essay

The Teaching Role and Responsibilities In Education And Training The role of instructor is an infinitely alter one, but in that location certain principles which underpin all aspects of the teaching role.Whether we ar attempting to teach from personally acquired experience or knowledge, or from third dividey information, the work out of teaching can be formalized into a structured process with the aim of maximizing the potential for development.Numerous models exist with the aim of outlining the key stages of this process. For example, Gravells (2010) identifies them as such(prenominal)Identification of Need Planning and DesignDelivery/FacilitationAssessmentEvaluationIn order to undertake each of these stages successfully, the role of the teacher becomes multi-faceted. For example, conducting initial interviews with students helps to establish individual aims and identify picky training trends such as those recognised by Honey & Mumford (1992). This should enable to the tea cher to tailor their teaching style and utilize a variety of methods, while alike providing an opportunity to set clear goals which can be used as a benchmark when reviewing students progress. sinless documentation of this is essential and forms part of the teachers debt instrument.Furthermore, whilst undertaking these roles as a teacher, it is vitally alpha to consider the parameters in which we essential operate. These atomic number 18 most likely to be defined by legal requirement for example the Equality Act (2010) or the policies or the organization for which we whitethorn be working. Ultimately, it is down to the individual teacher to ensure their own captain conduct at all times.ReferencesEquality Act (2010). London HMSO. acquirable at http//www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/15/contents Accessed 25/11/2014.Gravells, A (2010) Preparing to Teach in the Life foresighted culture Sector. 3rd Ed. Exeter Learning Matters Ltd.Honey P., Mumford A. (1992) The Manual of Learni ng Styles 3rd Ed. Maidenhead, Peter Honey.Summarise attain Aspects Of Legislation, Regulatory Requirements And Codes Of fare Relating To Own Role And ResponsibilitiesThere are many aspects to consider when discussing the conduct of a teacher and the requirements at that placein. just about of these are legal frameworks, some another(prenominal)s are more informal but equally important in terms of setting out guidelines for good practice.All of these requirements, when adhered to, help to ensure that as teachers, we are providing a safe, secure and successful learning environment. As students, they provide reassurance that care will be taken to promote inclusivity, maintain trust and ensure wellbeing.Some Codes of Practice will be designed to suit individual environments and will vary accordingly. Therefore care should be taken to ensure we are beaten(prenominal) with the particular requirements of the company or institution in which we are operating. Other codes are overarchi ng and apply in all circumstances. One of the more recent of these is the statutory Special Educational Needs and Disability System for Children And Young People (SEND) which came into force on 1 September 2014 and explains the duties of schools and colleges to provide adjustments and aids for disabled children and youthfulness people up to 25.Legal acts which are underpinned by law are further reaching but equally apply. These include things such as the long standing 1974 Health and Safetyand Work Act, which ensures the health, refuge and welfare of persons at work as well as protecting others against risks to health or safety in connection with the activities of persons at work. However, in the constantly shifting legal landscape, we should be mindful of new legislation coming into force.Finally, there are, of course, directives issued by professional bodies such the set for Learning which has a Code of Professional Practice (2008) covering 7 key areasIntegrityRespectCarePracti ceDisclosureResponsibilityReferencesDepartment for Education (2014). SEND code of practice 0 to 25 years. Available at https//www.gov.uk/government/publications/send-code-of-practice-0-to-25 Accessed 29/11/2014Institute for Learning (2008). Code of Practice Available at https//www.ifl.ac.uk/membership/ifl-code-of-professional-practice/view-the-code-of-professional-practice/ Accessed 1/12/2014Explain Why It Is Important To Identify And Meet private Learner Needs As we fetch established previously, the first step in the (Gravells, 2010). Teaching and Learning Cycle is Identifying compulsion. Without properly ascertaining this, the further steps in the cycle become more difficult to achieve and the chance for success is significantly diminished. Furthermore, informing learners of objectives creates a level of expectation for learning (Gagne, 1965). In order to avoid this outcome and the negative implications of failing to succeed, we must have a clear approach.Prior to the start o f any learning activity, there will, by necessity be aprocess which ostensibly is an administrative exercise. However, these interactions provide an excellent opportunity to engage with students in a way which could provide profitable information. For example, noting that a student whitethorn have difficulty with grammar or spelling when completing a written questionnaire may indicate a greater need for dungeon with literacy. Or, a student struggling to get to grips with viewing digital information such as a Powerpoint or PDF file could highlight a lack of I.T skill. It is important that we use all of these tools at our disposal, as acknowledging a perceived flaw in ourselves is not always an easy thing to do. Students may be unwilling because of stigma or embarrassment or simply through an inability to recognize that a problem exists, which is an issue in more or less 30% of adults (Skills for Life Survey, 2011).However, individual unavoidably may not be only be based on acade mic ability or skillset, there are a multitude of different needs which may exist and it is important to consider a holistic approach. Some students may have no difficulty with course content but may be distracted by other personal problems which affect their ability to learn. These could include financial difficulty, mishap or an underlying health issue.Ultimately, the importance of identifying and meeting learners needs is about providing the best possibility for successful learning through providing support where it is most needed.ReferencesGagn, R. M. (1965). The conditions of learning and theory of instruction (1st ed.) Holt, Rinehart & Winston New York.Gravells, A (2010) Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector. 3rd Ed. Exeter Learning Matters Ltd.Skills for Life Survey (2011). Department for Business, regeneration & Skills. Available at https//www.gov.uk/government/publications/2011-skills-for-life-survey Accessed 1/12/14.Explain Ways To Maintain a Safe And Suppor tive Learning Environment As part of providing students with the best opportunity for success, it is crucial that the learning environment is both safe and supportive. These aspects are intertwined in that their aim is to create an environment where consideration for all matters other than the subject itself can be put aside to concentrate on learning.When operating in any environment, safety is the first issue. A risk estimate should be carried out prior to beginning any teaching session to establish whether hazards exist, and if so what extent they pose a risk (Trades Union Congress, 2008). These factors should also be assessed dynamically and any new or developing threat should be treated as a priority. When working in an environment such as a client office or business premises, safety considerations should include awareness of the existing plan of evacuation in case of fire. any issues which are identified (such as blocked exits etc) should be bought up with the client in a pr ofessional manner.Support for learners may be provided in several(prenominal) ways. On a personal level, it is ensuring inclusivity for all students, treating each individual with respect and tolerance, as well as providing individually tailored help to match the needs identified in the first stage of the Teaching and Learning Cycle (Gravells, 2008). However, support is also provided through recognizing the need to give adequate breaks and availability of resources inevitable to undertake the learning process properly.It is vital that consideration is given to these factors in the proviso stage so that support may be implemented pro-actively quite than reactively.ReferencesTrades Union Congress (2008) Risk Assessment. Precision Printing London. Available online at http//www.tuc.org.uk/sites/default/files/extras/riskassessment.pdf Accessed1/12/14Gravells, A (2010) Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector. 3rd Ed. Exeter Learning Matters Ltd.Explain Why It Is Important To Promote Appropriate Behaviour and Respect For Others The importance of appropriate deportment is paramount as it will set the correct tone for a learning environment. Fundamentally, it is about the rights of learners to have access to, attend, and participate in their chosen learning experience regardless of their circumstances. (Equality Act, 2010)The best way to promote this is to set the example as the teacher (School of Educators, 2011). This can be achieved in a variety of ways.Ensuring that the planning of any session has been properly executed will help to demonstrate basic values such as organization, efficiency and punctuality and when delivering a session, employ appropriate tone and language will exhibit the kinds of behaviour which we want to see reflected in students. It is also important that we are focused on the task at hand and are not distracted by outside influences. Something as simple as switching off a mobile band could make all the difference. In that reg ard, requesting students to put their phones into silent mode is something which could help to avoid them becoming distracted but also establishes a basic country rule while not necessarily conveying the same message as please all turn your phones off.Where undesirable behaviour occurs, it is important to consider whether addressing it may in fact be more of a disruption than the behaviour itself, however, where it needs to be addressed, this should be done so promptly and professionally. However, it is important to note that students, like teachers should incorporate humour into learning. Using humour in the classroom shows that you are human and consequently encourages students to like and respect you. be able to laugh at yourself when you make a mistake offers a good counterbalance to the moment when you must be strictand so helps unbosom the classroom atmosphere (Cowley, 2007)Treating students as individuals but with equal respect will help to promote the same response from them. Therefore, care should be taken to hear to, appreciate and encourage individual contributions, this is especially true in the case of adult learners who bring their own experiences to the learning setting.ReferencesCowley, S. (2007) Guerilla Guide to Teaching The classical Resource for New Teachers (2nd Ed.) Continuum London.Equality Act (2010). London HMSO. Available at http//www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/15/contents Accessed 04/12/2014.School of Educators (2011). The Characteristics of a Good Teacher. Available online at http//schoolofeducators.com/2011/05/the-characteristics-of-a-good-teacher/ Accessed 4/12/14.Explain How the Teaching Role Involves Working with Other Professionals As a teacher, there will always be a requirement to liaise and work with other professionals, and this is likely to occur in a number of ways.When employed in a teaching role, we act as a representative of the organization which employs us, and we have a responsibility to represent that orga nization in a professional manner. Equally, when dealing with internal colleagues, whether a director or a colleague at the same level of seniority, we are dutybound to treat others with respect, politeness and courtesy. Values which all form part of the Institute for Learning Code of Practice (2008).Remembering that we have a responsibility to act according to these guidelines can be especially important when faced with other professionals who may be challenging or difficult in their approach. For example, in aclient situation, a Manager who is under pressure is annoyed because some of his supply are being abstracted from their usual duties to undertake training. In this situation, it is feasible that a degree of hostility may be directed toward the trainer. In acknowledging the managers concerns and foreground the benefit of the training both to the staff and the manager, we may be able to defuse the situation rather than escalate it.Of course, students themselves can be profes sionals and care must be taken to acknowledge the professional standing of adult learners so that we do not condescend or patronize. However, we also have a responsibility to care for our students and where it is highlighted that a student may have a need or issue which requires third party support, we may need to act as an advocate or intervene to flag potential issues. Legislation such as The Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act (2006) make it potentially necessary to liaise with other professional agencies and, depending on the nature of the matter, it may be appropriate to use care or discretion. In all cases, it is appropriate that we remain professional and impartial.ReferencesInstitute for Learning (2008). Code of Practice Available at https//www.ifl.ac.uk/membership/ifl-code-of-professional-practice/view-the-code-of-professional-practice/ Accessed 1/12/2014Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act (2006). London HMSO. Available at http//www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2006/47/ percentag e/6 Accessed 4/12/14Explain the Boundaries Between the Teaching Role and Other Professional Roles In dealing with other professional roles, there must come a point at which the boundaries of our own role are recognized to avoid us overstepping the line. This can apply on either a professional or personal level and works in two ways our behaviour toward others and their behaviour towards us. The key basis upon which these boundaries must be drawn are ethics. Ethics can be described as The codes of conduct or moral principles recognized in a particular profession, sphere of activity, relationship, or other context or aspect of human life (Oxford English Dictionary, 2014)In particular, the teaching profession is deeply implicated in ethical concerns and considerations. (Carr, D. 2000.) Therefore, it is an issue which should be constantly at the forefront of our thinking as teachers and an awareness of ethics helps to define the boundaries between us and other professional roles.Some bo undaries are not so much an issue of ethics, however, but more of practicality and there must be limits placed on what we can pretty be expected to achieve. This could, for example, include something such as a client wishing us to condense a lesson into a shorter time to reduce the tinge on their business. Whilst the motivation for this may be understandable, it could also be perceived to undermine the value of the lesson itself, or at the very least will have an effect on the quality of the teaching. Recognising this kind of boundary enables us to ensure the integrity of our aims as teachers.Oxford English Dictionary (2014) Available online at http//www.oed.com/ Accessed 4/12/14.Carr, D. (2000). Professionalism and ethics in teaching.London RoutledgeDescribe Points of Referral To Meet The Individual Needs Of Learners The teacher/student relationship is a unique one and often provides opportunities to excavate or identify needs which have previously been unnoticed. These needs may be specific to helping someone become a more good learner, (such as possible dyslexia) or could be a wider issue in terms of being affecting the individual students life beyond the classroom.These wider-reaching needs could be in any area of a persons life and broadly speaking, fall into one of 5 categories as identified by Maslow (1943)Our role in providing support to help a student meet the identified need will depend on the particular need itself. For example, a student who isapparently wanting in one of the upper needs such as self-esteem may benefit from more support, praise and encouragement. Some needs, however, will require international or third party input and this is where we may seek to access a point of referral.It may become clear to us in the process of teaching that a student is suffering a crisis affecting their overall wellbeing Domestic abuse, homelessness, drug or alcohol misuse etc. In this instance, we can play an important role in referring someone to a se rvice or organization who can provide assistance. So as to be sure that we are not misguided, the student themselves should be engaged initially and when help is offered, it can be simply through providing information, or if consent is given, we may choose to act as an advocate.Maslow, A.H (1943). A Theory of Human Motivation. Psychological Review (50)p.370-396.

Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker

An Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB) (now referred to as residual menses circuit breaker) is a safety device apply in electrical institutions with high ball impedance to prevent shock. History ELCBs were importantly used on TT earthing systems. Nowadays, ELCBs hold been mostly replaced by residual-current devices (RCDs). merely many ELCBs atomic number 18 still in use. Early ELCBs responded to sine wave fracture currents, but not to rectified happy chance current. Over time, filtering against aversion trips has to a fault improved.Early ELCBs thus offer a little less safety and higher risk of nuisance trip. The ability to distinguish between a fault condition and non-risk conditions is called discrimination. ELCB manufacturers include Legrand, Havells, ABB, Siemens AG, Areva T&D, Camsco, Telemecanique, Orion Italia, Crabtree, MEM. edit Types There argon two types of ELCB electromotive force operated and, current operated. edit Voltage-operated Voltage-operated ELCBs were introduced in the early 20th century, and provided a study advance in safety for mains electrical supplies with inadequate earth impedance.V-ELCBs have been in widespread use since then, and many atomic number 18 still in doing but ar no longer installed in new construction. A potential-operated ELCB detects a rise in potential between the protected interconnected metalworking (equipment frames, conduits, enclosures) and a distant isolated earth reference electrode. They operate at a detected potential of around 50 volts to open a main breaker and isolate the supply from the protected premises. 2 A voltage-operated ELCB has a second enclosureinal for connecting to the remote reference earth connection.The earth circuit is modified when an ELCB is used the connection to the earth rod is fouled through the ELCB by connecting to its two earth terminals. One terminal goes to the readiness earth CPC (circuit Power system protection protective conductor, aka earth wire), and t he another(prenominal) to the earth rod (or sometimes other type of earth connection). Disadvantages of the voltage-operated ELCB are the requirement for a second connection, and the possibility that any additional connection to earth on the protected system can disable the detector. edit Current-operated Current-operated ELCBs are generally known as Residual-current devices (RCD). These also protect against earth leakage. Both circuit conductors (supply and return) are run through a sensing coil any imbalance of the currents means the magnetic field does not perfectly cancel. The device detects the imbalance and trips the contact. When the term ELCB is used it usually means a voltage-operated device. Similar devices that are current operated are called residual-current devices.However, some companies use the term ELCB to distinguish high sensitivity current operated 3 phase devices that trip in the milliamp range from traditional 3 phase ground fault devices that operate at much h igher currents (traditional gf devices are insensitive due to the error inherently associated with the summation of currents from multiple current transformers). edit Connection edit Operation An ELCB is a specialised type of latching relay that has a buildings entrance mains power connected through its switching contacts so that the ELCB disconnects the power in an earth leakage (unsafe) condition.The ELCB detects fault currents from feel to the earth (ground) wire within the installation it protects. If sufficient voltage appears across the ELCBs sense coil, it allow for switch off the power, and remain off until manually reset. A voltage-sensing ELCB does not sense fault currents from live to any other earthed body. edit Advantages ELCBs have one advantage oer RCDs they are less sensitive to fault conditions, and on that pointfore have fewer nuisance trips. (This does not mean they always do, as practical performance depends on installation details and the discrimination enha ncing filtering in the ELCB. Therefore by electrically separating cable armour from cable CPC, an ELCB can be arranged to protect against cable damage only, and not trip on faults in downline installations. edit Disadvantages ELCBs have some disadvantages They do not detect faults that dont pass current through the CPC to the earth rod. They do not allow a single building system to be easily discriminate into multiple sections with independent fault protection, because earthing systems are usually bonded to pipework. They whitethorn be tripped by external voltages from something connected to the earthing system such(prenominal) as metal pipes, a TN-S earth or a TN-C-S combined neutral and earth. As with RCDs, electrically leaky appliances such as some water heaters, airstream machines and cookers may cause the ELCB to trip. ELCBs introduce additional resistance and an additional point of failure into the earthing system. edit Earth bypassing It is not unusual for ELCB protect ed installation to have a second unintentional connection to earth somewhere, one that does not pass through the ELCB sense coil.This can occur via metal pipework in contact with the ground, metal structural framework, outdoor home appliances in contact with soil, and so on. When this occurs, fault current may pass to earth without being feel by the ELCB. Despite this, perhaps counterintuitively, the operation of the ELCB is not compromised. The purpose of the ELCB is to prevent earthed metalwork rising to a dangerous voltage during fault conditions, and the ELCB continues to do this nevertheless the same, the ELCB will still cut the power at the same CPC voltage level. (The difference is that higher fault current is then needed to reach this voltage. ) edit abuse tripsWhile voltage and current on the earth line is usually fault current from a live wire, this is not always the case, thus there are situations in which an ELCB can nuisance trip. When an installation has two connect ions to earth, a nearby high current lightning strike will cause a voltage gradient in the soil, presenting the ELCB sense coil with enough voltage to cause it to trip. If the installations earth rod is placed close to the earth rod of a neighbouring building, a high earth leakage current in the other building can raise the local ground potential and cause a voltage difference across the two earths, again tripping the ELCB.Close earth rods are unsuitable for ELCB use for this reason, but in real life such installations are sometimes encountered. Both RCDs and ELCBs are prone to nuisance trips from normal harmless earth leakage to some degree. On one hand ELCBs are on average older, and hence tend to have less well developed filtering against nuisance trips, and on the other hand ELCBs are inherently resistant to some of the causes of false trips RCDs suffer, and are generally less sensitive than RCDs. In practice RCD nuisance trips are much more common.Another cause of nuisance trip ping is due to accumulated or file currents caused by items with lowered insulation resistance. This may occur due to older equipment, or equipment with heating elements, or even wiring in buildings in the tropics where prolonged damp and rain conditions can cause the insulation resistance to lower due to moisture tracking. If there is a 30 mA protective device in use and there is a 10mA burden from various sources then the unit will trip at 20 mA. The individual items may each be electrically safe but a large number of small burden currents accumulates and reduces the tripping level.This was more a problem in past installations where multiple circuits were protected by a single ELCB. Heating elements of the tubular form are filled with a very fine powder that can absorb moisture if the element has not be used for some time. In the tropics, this may occur, for example if a clothes drier has not been used for a year or a large water boiler used for cocoa etc. has been in storage. In such cases, if the unit is allowed to power up without RCD protection then it will normally dry out and successfully pass inspection. This type of problem can be seen even with brand new equipment. edit Failure to respond Some ELCBs do not respond to rectified fault current. This issue is the same in principle with ELCBs and RCDs, but ELCBs are on average much older and specs have improved considerably over the years, so an old ELCB is more likely to have some uncommon fault current waveform that it will not respond to. With any mechanical device, failures occur, and ELCBs should ideally be tested periodically to ensure they still work. If either of the earth wires become disconnected from the ELCB, it will no longer trip and the installation will often no longer be properly earthed

John Pope Paul Iii Movie Reflection

December 9, 2010 Reflection on pontiff butt Paul II painting I found the movie Pope John Paul II very interesting and spiritually moving. God tells us in the bible that following him is not free of tribulation. He comforts by telling us he will not put anything against us that we cannot overcome. Sacrifice is one the key ingredients that comes with following the Lord. Pope John Paul II is a wonderful role model to follow when it comes to sacrifice. When the Nazis were trying to put an end to religion Karol was busy studying Gods word. By doing this, he is willing to sacrificing his life, because if he was caught he would be killed.He spent much of his younger years with friends, teaching them about human dignity and God. Before his Cardinal old age Karol sacrificed having a wife and children so that he could follow his passion for the Catholic religion and become a priest. After many years he was choose Cardinal and then Pope of Poland. Another moral issue in this film is the co mmitment of many mortal sins. Murder is the main sin seen end-to-end the movie. The Nazis wanted the polish to be miserable and gave them little freedom. If anyone was found rebelling against their strict laws they would be beaten and killed.This sin is repeated numerous times a day, and in great numbers. Even after the war died down murder wasnt over. This is seen When Pope John Paul II life was by luck put in danger when someone shot at him while he was making an appearance in public. Pope John Paul II fought for his life and continued to try and bring peace among people. All in all this movie is a wonderful example of what it means to follow Christianity. Pope John Paul II is a delightful man who brought a sense of comfort with him when speaking to the people. I found this movie very pleasant and would recommend it to many people.

History of China

(1) During the start, when the first settlers came to chinaware, the Chinese have been an extraordinary civilization, from its philosophies to technologies. It has been ruled by Emperors who have tried to unite mainland China. Those who were successful were usually blessed with a Dynasty which lasted for a while. The Chinese have prospered and suffered. The ancient history of China reflects the beauty of Chinese ancient culture and morality. With to a greater extent than 5000 years of history, China has a wonderful culture and splendid civilization. History of China) Chinas history is told in conventional historical records that take us back to the three sovereigns and five emperors about 5,000 years ago, enhanced by archaeological records dating to the 16th century BC. China is known as one of the worlds oldest continuous civilizations. From the oldest resident in China and the oldest dynasty, Xia dynasty, there have been millions of well-known citizenry who made dandy contribut ions to the harmony, unity and growth of Chinese civilization.They contain emperors such as, Hanwudi (Emperor of Han dynasty) and Li Shimin (Emperor of Tang Dynasty), famous scholarly persons such as Confucius (Great Educator/Guru in Spring and Autumn period), and great(p) scientists like Zhu Chongzhi and Zhangheng. It is their great contributions and efforts that made China appealing and pleasant today. (History of China) Chine has a continuous civilization and the worlds oldest people, consisting of states and cultures dating back more than six millennia.China has the worlds longest continuously used written language system, and is the source of many major inventions, such as what the British scholar and biochemist Joseph Needham called the four great inventions of Ancient China, paper, the compass, gunpowder and printing. Chinas cultural area of interest, historically, has spread across East Asia as a whole, with Chinese religion, customers and writing systems being taken to gr eat extent by neighbours such as Japan, Korean and Vietnam. China Facts and History) China, with a population of more than one one thousand million people, is a country full of commercializeing potential. Having so many potential consumers, it usually gives out a positive attitude on how any yield could reach its target audience. Nonetheless with a country so rich in history and culture, there are many factors to be taken in account by marketers. Some of the most important and influential elements would be the monetary policy, currency system, market agreements and environmental factors of the country. Overview of Chinas History) Chinas business social organization has been fluctuating from time to time. During 1976 to 1985 a ten year plan stressed improvement in economic management and a bigger role for personal and incarnately owned (as opposed to state-owned) enterprises. They still go along to attract western technology and investment and did a program of incentives to in crease agricultural harvest-homeion. New policies were introduced in 1984 which called for further delegation of economic planning and for growing reliance on market forces to figure out the prices of consumer goods.Since the early 1990s the governing body of China continued to ease controls on the economy. While taking a look at Chinas history from a business structure, it is essential to check their economic science background and other factors such as National Output, Labour, Communications, Commerce, Government and more. During the 1990s Chinas business structure started improving. The annual gross domestic product (GDP) of china was about $544. 6 billion.Agricultural sidings (which also includes some piddling-scale industries in rural areas,forestry and fishing) started increasing and accounted for about 24 percent of domestic income and industrial output (which includes manufacturing,mining, electricity generation, building and construction) accounted for 42 percent. Chin as labour force is one of the important facts in their business structure, their labour force in 1996 was estimated at nearly 584 million people. China has issues with unemployment and underemployment because of fast measuring rod of population growth rate.About one-quarter of the populations was 15years of age or younger during the 1990s, therefore it was assured that a huge amount of young people will enter the labour force each year. (Overview of Chinas History) About 60 percent of their labour force consists of agricultural workers. The circulation of commodities in China made a huge change in 1979, state-owned enterprises have been unbound to obtain few of their supplies and organize a part of their product on the market extensive use of advertisement as a source of information has also been clear.Over the years the reorganization of commerce in urban centers, has brought about a rapid growth of collectively and individually owned businesses, such as restaurants, teahouses, in ns, hairdressing establishments, photography studios, tailor shops, and all types of repair and maintenance services. (Overview of Chinas Marketing History) It is actually complex to identify exactly when theTextile industry started. Archaeological studies imply that the first textile, different from fur or skins sewn together was felt (non-woven) cloth created by compressing and condensing woollen fibers.It is believed that the locations where textile was first used are Egypt, India, Turkey and China. Ever since ancient years, China was a strong player in the textile market. Textile production in China from the earliest evidence were cocoon of bombyx mori, the domesticated silkworm, which happened to be found in Xia, Shanxi, which was dated around 5000 and 3000 BC. Around just about 4000 BC the first textile fragments were found in Yuyao, Zhejiang. Scraps of silk were found in Huzhou Zheijiang, which happened to be back to 27000 BC. Chinas Textile and tog Industry) Since 1949 te xtile and clothing has been one of Chinas traditional industries and has remained as one of the important industries in modern China. This industry has experienced serious reforms and reached high growth for a long period of time. China has turned into the worlds largest exporter and producer of many products in this industry. Chinese firms concentrate on the low-end product markets. They are still very unworthy in management and marketing skills.Technologies in this industry are not yet advanced and profit margins are pretty low. (Chinas role in the orbiculate Textile Industry) Around 1979 China completely started its foreign trade, In 1979 China solved certain trade restrictions, paving the way for increases in the relatively small foreign investment and trade activity and by the early 1990s yearly exports totalled about $92 billion and imports about $104 billion. (Facts and History of China) Chinas success has been primarily due to manufacturing as a low-cost producer.This is q ualified because of a combination of cheap labour, good infrastructure, relatively high productivity, favourable government policy and possibly undervalued exchange rate. (History of China) 5000 years have passed and the Chinese nation and society are welcoming much development in the 21st century. With the collective energy of 1. 3 billion people, China will enter a new phase in the 21st century and create a miracle for it people and the world. (History of China) .

Coca Cola External Environmental Factors

During the strategic marketing management process, on that point atomic number 18 many external forces that any company must be awargon of in order to be profit fitted. These very important factors to be considered come in the systema skeletale of technology trends, economic and government trends, consumer trends and innovations. It is very important to become sensible of all of the potential opportunities and threats that may arise from these trends. I believe that for Coca-Cola, at that place are external forces in all of these areas that they must be aware of and incorporate into their planning if they are to continue to be successful.When it comes to technology, in recent years there are many emerging trends that I feel that Coca-Cola could use to their advantage. The popularity of services such(prenominal) as Twitter and Facebook may give Coca-Cola the opportunity to spread the record about their products to territories that cast offnt yet been reached by their competito rs. Since the majority of great deal use these services all over the world, we feel that it is a great bunk for them to advertise.While it is still very important to switch advertisements on television, more and more people are victimization the internet, and we feel that by collaborating with internet companies, they would be able to increase their profits. In addition to the increased use of the internet, an early(a) technology trend that Coca-Cola should be aware of is the production of bio-degradable bottles. Todays plastic bottles are very bad for the environment and people are aware of this. Until recently, there was only technology to produce plastic that was made from petroleum.Now though, in the year 2010, there is technology to produce plastic that is made from plants. This plastic, as well known as PLA or polylactide, emits fewer greenhouse gases, uses less energy than other plastic bottles and is also recyclable and compostable. We believe that since the environment is such a high priority in everyones minds, they should take advantage of this technological development. Economic and Government trends are an extremely important part of the external environment. Since consumers are directly affected by the status of n economy, a company should always be aware of the economic conditions in the countries in which they operate. Currently, all over the world, we are dealing with a recession. The unemployment rate is very high, and as a result, consumers have decreased buying power. When consumers have less income, the first thing that they stop buying are luxury goods. In my opinion, Coke is a luxury item and not a necessity. I feel that if Coca-Cola wants to continue to be successful in the current economic conditions, they must begin to produce goods that people must buy. An example of such a product would be dairy products, like milk.While a consumer who has a strict budget may scuttle purchasing Coke, they entrust not skip on purchasing milk. W hile technological and economic factors are extremely important to Coca-Cola, we feel that currently, the most important factor that needs to be communicate are changing consumer trends. Today, consumers are becoming more and more health conscious. When people purchase a food or drink, we think that they would ideally pick out something that has some health benefits to it. Coke has always been criticized for being bad for your health due to the food coloring, carbonation and high-fructose corn syrup.While we dont believe that it is likely that Coca-Cola will lose much business to other cola competitors such as Pepsi, I do feel that they will lose business to companies that are producing intelligent alternatives to cola, such as fruit drinks. I feel that Coca-Cola should be innovative and possibly consider changing some of the ingredients in Coke, such as using natural sugar instead of corn syrup and natural sources of food coloring rather than chemicals. Another very important co nsumer trend that should be observe by Coca-Cola is the increasing population of Hispanics in the United States.Hispanics make up a very large part of the population, and Coke isnt marketed specifically to this ethnical group. We feel that if Coca-Cola marketed more directly to Hispanics, they would increase their profit. Lastly, a very important consumer trend is being green. As previously mentioned, consumers in the United States, as well as the majority of other countries in the world, are very concerned with the effects of pollution and the general well being of the planet. Coca-Colas biggest contender is Pepsi. In the past year, Pepsi has introduced the Pepsi Refresh Project. This program awards funding to people in America who have come up with great ideas on how they can mend their community. Some of the ideas that have been funded by Pepsi so far are making school buses more eco-friendly, growing fresh produce at schools to fight puerility obesity and making buildings in cities more energy efficient. In 2010, the Pepsi Refresh Project will give away more than $20 million to people with similar ideas. Each month, Pepsi will accept up to 1,000 new ideas every month and will award up to $1. 3 million in grants to the ideas who have received the most votes by other consumers.We feel that this is a very effective way of bettering the world that we live in and that Coca-Cola should do something very similar. Pepsi has so far only implemented this program in the United States, so this gives Coca-Cola the opportunity to use this idea on a global scale, and extend the benefits to other countries. We feel that being green is a very important consumer trend, and if Coca-Cola used a similar program across the world, they would begin to develop an image where they have the environments best interest at heart, and will gain the support of people all over the world as well as increasing their profits.

Human Resource Practices in Sme Sector

EuroEconomica expel 3(31)/2012 ISSN 1582-8859 Human vision Practices in SME Sector An wildcat Case Study of Pakistan Naveed R. Khan Faculty of Man historic periodment and Economics Sciences, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900, Malaysia naveed. r. emailprotected com Mustafa Rehman Khan Faculty of worry Sciences, Institute of Business and Technology, 75190, Pakistan emailprotected com Abstract The subr issueine of valet de chambre vision practices (HRP) at its significance in small and mediocre enterprises (SME) become an emerging topic, especially in developing countries.This study aims to gauge the train of HR practice being exercise in SME. Quantitative approach has been followed and info was collected from 195 SMEs through a structure questionnaire. Findings give noticeed that SME argon performing mode rank level of HR practices and owner/managers ar aw ar with the importance of HR practices in their brass sections. More everywhere, compensation is the or so significant factor of HR practices followed by employee performance, recruitment and natural selection and training and nurture.HR function has been substantially implemented and HR practices argon being carried out in event of SME and is contri barelyes at all phases of organizations functions. The globalization and dynamic milieu is forcing the SME area to switch informal functions to formal manner. However to a greater extent rational approach is required to replace the traditional way of practicing HR functions. This study validates the implementation of HR practices in SME as documented in the literature. It further provides a reference for academicians and practitioner to build upon a contention for future research. 7 7Keywords recruitment and selection, training and victimization, employee performance, compensation. landed estate graphic symbol STUDIES Electronic copy available at http//ssrn. com/abstract=2155840 EuroEconomica Issue 3(31)/2012 1. Introduction In the era of globalization, craft surroundings becomes postgraduately dynamic with high risk and uncertainty. This uncertainty decreases market deal out and increases organisational inefficiency. As elsewhere, Pakistani SMEs too are affected by the recent global economic meltdown. Escalating inflation in Pakistan further compounded the situation for SME ontogeny.Human pick influenceing in SME sector plays a vital role in economic growth without any space for their personal growth. It is therefore observed that retention is one of the major problems in small and medium size of it industries. Slightly better emoluments provide good reasons to an employee to switch over from one organization to another organization. Growth in salary in SME sector is cold behind the growth in inflation which is a source of depression and made them less productive at their workplace (Khan, 2011). SMEs are identified as the leading employment generation sector, nation wide.In context of the Karachi m etropolis which contributes 30% in manufacturing sector of Pakistan and 90% in Sindhs GDP and around 20% of the total GDP of Pakistan. These figures indicate the probable and further growth in this sector further it prove the argument that SME sector shall plays pivotal role and consume voltage to grow. Moreover, extensive economics activities at sea ports and industrial zones increase the significance of Karachi city, hence is called the fiscal and seam hub of Pakistan, providing millions of economic opportunities (Ghouri et al. 2011). This study has been conducted to measure the break of serve between philosophies and practices of HR practices. HR scholars beget argued that SMEs are insignificantly practicing the HR function in Pakistan. It may be consider that the owner / managers are not able to utilize their man pick strategically and coherently. Perhaps this is due to the shortage of HR professional in SME sector. Further, fragile structure and substandard formalisatio n intends management to ignore organizations most valued as go unders, that is, 8 the workforce.This ignorance causes the transmission line dis triumph in employees and ultimately affects the organizational performance. However, employees perform the essential tasks within the organization, and organizational kind resource organisations are designed to support and manage this human capital. 7 This study aims to measure HR practices in SME operating in Karachi, Pakistan. The city is considered as the hub of commerce and financial activities of Pakistan. SMEs operating are having a mix of proper and casual setup.The study is designed to measure the level of HR practices and come across the most significant HR practice among recruitment and selection, training and development, compensation and employee performance. Consistent with the discussion so far, this study seeks to answer the following questions. 1. What is the level of HR practices followed in the SME? 2. What is the most/ least important practice of HR, among four facets, in SME? 1. 2 Brief Overview of Employment in Pakistan Over the years, Pakistan has substantially moved from floriculture economy to manufacturing economy.Economically active size is the largest in the total population of the country. Human capital is enriched with diverse skills from unskilled labor to high-skilled critical mass. Pakistans urban growth rate is highest in South Asia. Estimated in 1980s, urban population growth rate was 4. 5% per annum and projected to 60% by the turn of the century. That proved true. Karachis urban economy and its employment pool is the glaring example of this. Its formal and informal sectors provide greater employment potential and are in a position to use human capital efficiently (Khan et al. , 2011).ISSN 1582-8859 awkward CASE STUDIES Electronic copy available at http//ssrn. com/abstract=2155840 EuroEconomica Issue 3(31)/2012 ISSN 1582-8859 At present, SMEs are recognized as the backbone of th e countrys economy by representing nearly 90% of all the enterprises in Pakistan. SMEs form a significant slew of the manufacturing and services sector. According to the Lahore Chamber of Commerce & Industrys report (2010) the labor force today is divided in agriculture 43%, manufacturing 13%, construction 7%, transport 6%, and services 14% and the other head carrying the rest of the charge.The total workforce in Pakistan is 102. 7 million out of which 55. 77 million people are employed in 2010 with $2400 per capita income this labor force ordain increase to 154. 4 million by 2030 with the growth rate of 2. 05. However, 15. 2% unemployment rate was recoded in 2010. SMEs provide 80% employment of the non-agricultural labor force. In Pakistan small and medium enterprises offer diverse employment and production and share 40% in annual GDP of Pakistan (Khan, 2011). 2. Literature Review Pakistans SMEs sector is very different from SMEs working in industrialized world.Here, small and m edium size businesses are usually not documented mostly with purpose. Pakistan has also a unique culture of not sharing cultivation with others. Freedom of familiar information is only on paper. Businesses profiles are not uploaded on the website and it is even so difficult for field researchers to collect basic information through interviews. limit academic studies are conducted so far on HR practices in Pakistans SME environment. This study thus dependent on earlier researches conducted in environment other than Pakistan for conceptual understanding and theory development.Selected literature is reviewed for this study whose results are generalizable to any other environment. elementaryally, employees perform the essential tasks within the organization, and organizational human resource brasss are designed to support and manage this human capital (Gramm and Schnell, 2001). HRM philosophy emphasizes on the benefits of meeting employee get hold ofs and enables them to have cont rol over their work, moreover, satisfied workers willing to improve their efficiency, effectiveness and productivity to get the work done.The extensive use of high-involvement work practices represents a significant investment in human 7 capital. Basic microeconomics suggests that investments in human capital (employees) are justified when such investments are more than offset by future returns in the form of increased productivity. Thus, firms will make greater use of such practices when employees are viewed as particularly vital to firm success (MacDuffie, 1995). By adopting effective HR practices firms can start out not only new skills and knowledge and swop the attitudes of their employees but also improve their organizational performance.Through effective HR practices firm can get disengage of traditional ineffective and inefficient practices which in turn enable the firm to maximize the achievement of its objectives (Delery and Doty, 1996). Armstrong (2006) defines human r esource management (HRM) as the strategic and coherent approach to the management of an organizations most valued assets the people working there who individually and collectively contribute to the achievement of the objectives of the business.Findings from previous studies indicated that increased concern for HR practices among firms resulted from the need to develop HR as a source of war-ridden advantage (Walker, 2001 Wright et al. , 2001 Wright and Snell, 1991). In relation with the SMEs recent studies acknowledged the relevance and applicability of HR practices in small and medium scale firms (Nankervis et al. , 2002 Singh and Vohra, 2005 Chang and Huang, 2005 Schlogl, 2004) SMEs who successfully integrate their HR system with their vision and organizational objectives, are achieve their goals in a more organized manner (Singh and Vohra, 2005).Hence it would build-up more 9 COUNTRY CASE STUDIES Electronic copy available at http//ssrn. com/abstract=2155840 EuroEconomica Issue 3 (31)/2012 ISSN 1582-8859 comprehensive business outline to retain the position in the industry. According to Chang and Huang (2005) human resources are viewed as a strategic asset that creates value when embedded in the operational system in a manner that can enhance firms abilities to deal with a turbulent environment. Sevral studies indicated that to improve organizational performance and develop a competitive advantage, firms need to implement an ffective HR practice system (Zheng et al. , 2006 Osman et al. , 2011 Katou, 2012). Studies on HR practices indicated that HR theories and models are assumed that they are applicable to all types of organizations no matter of their type, sizes and genius of human resource practice functions (Arthur, 1994 MacDuffie, 1995 Huselid, 1995 Youndt et al. , 1996). However, Nankervis et al. (2002) study findings suggested that previous empirical evidences are equable not able to provide enough evidence to suggest that HR practices works for al l kinds of organizations.Traditional literature on human resource practices identified four general categories, which include Staffing, training, evaluation and compensation (Dessler, 2008 Mathis and Jackson, 2008 Fisher et al. , 2006). In some cases, these categories are aggregated in a slightly different manner, and certainly there is overlap and interrelationship among them (Shub and tiltbraker, 2009). Shub and Stonebraker (2009) define these categories as Staffing generally involves the human resource activities of planning, railway line analysis and design, recruitment and selection.Training generally involves the HR activities of employee training, organization development and career development. military rating generally involves HR activities of various evaluation designs, two formal and informal, and different evaluation periodicities. Lastly, Compensation generally involves the HR activities of base wage or salary system, incentive system and perks, as well as benefits . Generally, the relationship-based approaches to staffing, training, evaluation, and compensation are shown in the literature to be directly associated with firm performance (Huselid, 1995 Osman et al. 2011 Ngo et al. , 1998) 2. 1 Human Resource Management and its Measurability Stone (2005) defined human resource management as it involves the productive use of people in 7 achieving the organizations strategic business objectives and the satisfaction of individual employees need. This definition clearly indicates that the organizations objectives are dependent on their work force productivity. Moreover, work task, work environment, freedom in work, opportunities provided and the benefits are provides are few of the most important needs a worker may perceive.The effective HRM practices are able to link these practices with organization structure and objectives. Many studies investigating human resource management practices have looked primarily into an organizational structure constr uct. To accurately measure human resource practices, a number of HR functions may need to be evaluated. However, these characteristics or facets may not be of equal importance to every organization. One of the most comprehensive and widely used measures for human resource practice is presented by Dessler (2008) and Fisher et al. 2006). In this study human resource management practices is characterized as multidimensional, and it has four major facets namely i) recruitment and selection, ii) training and development , iii) compensation, iv) employee performance evaluation. 2. 1. 1 Practice of Recruitment and Selection Recruitment and selection is the first facet of human resource practice, which involves planning, forecasting, and job analysis for the future pack of employees according to the need and demand of the firm.Moreover, various tools and techniques have been used by the firms for the improvement of staffing process to avoid the loss in terms of time, money and potential em ployees. 2. 1. 2 Practice of Training 10 COUNTRY CASE STUDIES EuroEconomica Issue 3(31)/2012 ISSN 1582-8859 Training is another dimension of human resource practice where firms invested on the development of their employees knowledge, skills ability and other on-job required skills to improve the productivity of employees.Training can transform human resource to human capital where skilled employee would better perform in the success of organization as compare the employees who can get training lesser or never. 2. 1. 3 Practice of Compensation Compensation is one of the most extrinsic practices of human resource function in an organization setting. This dimension determines the level of job of an employee on the innovation of their perceived knowledge and experience.Moreover, the matching of their job knowledge with the pay or compensation provided them must demonstrate the market level competitive packages. Good compensation plan would therefore, inevitably influence on employees performance. However, the extent to which an employee who is getting the good compensation package will perform well would also depend on his/her overall assessment of various factors care the compensation package in other organizations in relation to the work load and the possibility of getting better compensation packages (Purani and Sahadev, 2008). . 1. 4 Practice of Evaluation This aspect of human resource practices generally involves the activities of various evaluation designs, both formal and informal, and different evaluation periodicities (Shub and Stonebraker, 2009). It is a inculpates of getting better results by understanding and managing performance within an agreed framework of planned goals, standards and competency requirements. It functions as a continuous and evolutionary process, in which performance improves over time.Moreover, it provides the basis for regular and frequent dialogues between managers and individuals about performance and development needs (Arms trong, 2006). 3. enquiry Methodology The study comprises on a quantitative survey of 195 SMEs. The data was collected from the companies operating in Karachi through a self-administered questionnaire. The study covered manufacturing and 7 service sectors SMEs. In the study, SME referred to the firms employed between 10 to 250 employees, this definition have been adopted from the SME policy 2007 and SMEDA.The SME were identified and randomly selected from the listing of Korangi Association of Trade and Industry (KATI) and Jamals Yellow Pages. The questionnaire was adopted from Chew (2004) and modified according to the nature and objectives of the study and tested for reliability, prior to data collection. The questionnaire used in this study consisted of three sections. Section one focused on collecting background information of the respondents. Section two captured the characteristics of the firm and last section obtained the information concerning the HR practices adopted by the fi rm.To examine the hypotheses of the study, descriptive statistics analysis were performed using SPSS 17. The sample size for this study was 300 however only 195 questionnaires, with response rate of 65%, were found acceptable for analysis. 3. 1 Reliability Testing To measure the reliability of the instruments used, Cronbachs alpha was employed. According to Sekaran (2005), if the alpha value is greater then 0. 7, the instrument is acceptable. The internal consistency reliability coefficients (Cronbachs alpha) for the scales used in this study are well above the level of 0. , thus are acceptable for the analysis purpose. In Table 3. 1, alpha scores of all variables with complete response of 195 SMEs are given. 11 COUNTRY CASE STUDIES EuroEconomica Issue 3(31)/2012 Table 1 Reliability Coefficients of the Constructs (n = 195) Constructs Recruitment and selection Training and development Compensation Employee performance No. of Items 4 6 6 5 Cronbachs Alpha . 750 . 792 . 845 . 824 ISSN 1582-8859 4. Research Findings 4. 1 Characteristics of the Respondents The characteristics of the respondents are presented in the following table.Table 2 Characteristics of the Respondents (n = 195) Variable(s) Gender Male Female mount up 20-25 yrs 26-30 yrs 31-35 yrs 36-40 yrs 41-45 yrs 46-50 yrs Over 50 Education Intermediate Bachelors Masters MS/M. Phil PhD Other Total Frequency 167 28 %age 85. 6 14. 4 Variable(s) Marital stance Married Unmarried No response Position in sozzled Owner but not manager Owner and manager Manager but not owner No Response Frequency 130 64 1 %age 66. 7 32. 8 0. 5 29 48 40 32 16 21 9 3 77 103 7 0 5 195 14. 9 24. 6 20. 5 16. 4 8. 2 10. 8 4. 6 1. 5 39. 5 52. 8 3. 6 0 2. 6 100. 14 108 70 3 7. 2 55. 4 35. 9 1. 5 12 7 Work Experience 1 4 Years 5 7 Years 8 10 11 13 14 16 17 Total 42 37 45 20 19 32 195 21. 5 19 23 10. 2 9. 7 16. 4 100. 0 As shown in the table 2, statistics of the respondents clearly and logically depict the picture of their charact eristics. In total of 195 respondents 167 were males and 28 were females. Likewise 130 respondents were married and 64 were unmarried. The age and years of work experience among the respondents ranged from 20 to more than 50 years and one to more than 17 years respectively.In terms of education 3 respondents obtained talk terms certificate, 77 obtained bachelors degrees, 103 have masters degree and 7 have MS/M. Phil degree, however none of the respondent has a PhD. COUNTRY CASE STUDIES EuroEconomica Issue 3(31)/2012 ISSN 1582-8859 The in-depth analysis of statistics highlighted some interesting facts of the respondents. The Female owner/manager represented the 14. 4 % of total respondents which show significant contribution of females in the total workforce, however, this proportion need to be increase at substantial level.Moreover, sixty percent respondents age ranged from 20 to 35 years, it shows that young entrepreneurs/managers are feeler into the industries with new passion f or growth. Likewise 52. 8 percent respondents have a Masters degree. This combination of young age along with education shall change the mind-set of traditional business practices and may bring new innovative ideas and measures which shall boost the SME sector in near future. 4. 2 Characteristics of the Firm The characteristics of the firm are summarize in Table 3.These characteristics depict the picture of the firms form of business, number of employees working, age of the firm and type of business. Table 3 Characteristics of the Firm (n = 195) Variable(s) Form of Business Solo proprietor Partnership Private limited Age of Company 3-5 years 6-8 years 9-11 years 12-14 years 14 years Total Frequency 24 74 97 23 15 42 51 64 195 %age 12 38 50 11. 7 7. 6 21. 5 26 32. 8 100. 0 Variable(s) No of Employees 10 to 50 51-100 101-150 151-200 201 250 Type of Business Manufacturing Services Total Frequency %age 45 16 26 73 35 89 106 195 23. 8. 2 13. 3 37. 4 17. 9 45. 6 54. 4 100. 0 13 7 The i n-depth statistical analysis shows that fifty percent SME are the private limited firms and 32. 8 % firms are operating since more than 14 years. Likewise, 37. 4 % SME employed the workers range from 151 to 200. Lastly, 54. 4 % SME are fall under the category of services firms. 4. 3 Distribution of firm by Business sector The SME, participated in this study, represented various business sectors in the manufacturing and services industry. The distribution of the sample firms by type of business sector is presented in table 4.Table 4 Characteristics of the Firm (n = 195) Variable(s) Business Sectors Financial cornerstone Engineering/Construction Energy/Petroleum Frequency 18 23 5 %age 9. 2 11. 8 2. 6 COUNTRY CASE STUDIES EuroEconomica Issue 3(31)/2012 Chemical/Pharmaceutical Education Textile Telecommunication Logistics Others Total 18 15 19 18 17 62 195 9. 2 7. 7 9. 7 9. 2 8. 7 31. 8 100. 0 ISSN 1582-8859 The statistics indicated that eight different business sector firms were part icipated in this study. Most of the firms are from Engineering/Construction business sector which comprises of 11. % of the firms participated in the study. Energy/Petroleum business sector have the least presentation in the sample which comprises of only 2. 6%. However, the others head carrying the rest of the burden comprises of 31. 8%. 4. 4 Human Resource Practices The mean and standard deviation scores of HR practices variables which include recruitment and selection, training and development, compensation and employee performance are recorded, from the firms, are presented in table 5. The results depict that the mean scores of HR practices ranged from 3. 352 to 3. 83. Hence, at the general level, results suggest that the SME in the study practiced the HR function, to a certain extent. Furthermore, recruitment and selection is moderately practiced in the organization (mean = 3. 49, SD = 1. 10) along with training and development (mean = 3. 35, SD = 1. 081), compensation (mean = 3. 68, SD = . 975), and employee performance (mean = 3. 69, SD = 1. 34). Table 5 descriptive Statistics of Variables (n = 195) Items Recruitment and selection Training and development Compensation Employee performance Overall HRM Practices 4. . 1 Recruitment and selection Table 6 highlights the descriptive statistics for each item. pop of the four items of selection, only the best people are hired to work in this organization (mean = 3. 74, SD = 1. 07) followed by the values and beliefs of this organization are discussed in interviews with potential employees showed the second highest mean value of 3. 69 (SD = 1. 054), followed by, when new employees are hired, they must go through an extensive hiring process in which they are interviewed a number of times (mean = 3. 44, SD =1. 53), and employees of this organization are involved in the hiring of their peers (mean 3. 11, SD = 1. 152). In general, the SMEs appeared to have moderate level selection practices in their organization. Table 6 descriptive Results of recruitment and selection (n=195) look upon 3. 497 3. 352 3. 683 3. 682 3. 553 Standard (SD) 1. 10 1. 081 . 975 1. 349 1. 126 Deviation 14 7 COUNTRY CASE STUDIES EuroEconomica Issue 3(31)/2012 Items Only the best people are hired to work in this organization. The values and beliefs of this organization are discussed in interviews with potential employees.When new employees are hired, they must go through an extensive hiring process in which they are interviewed a number of times. Employees of this organization are involved in the hiring of their peers. Total Mean (Selection) 4. 4. 2 Training and development Table 7 highlights the descriptive statistics for each item. Out of the six items, people are properly lie and trained upon joining this organization showed the highest level of training practice (mean = 3. 67, SD =1. 042), followed by the confederacy provides enough training for the employees to learn new ways to do their job (mean = 3. 9, SD = 1. 037). This organization does provide regular opportunities for personal and career development (mean = 3. 43, SD = 1. 045). Training provided by the firm often consists of both classrooms teachings and On-Job-Training (OJT) (mean = 3. 27, SD = 1. 168) This organization subsidizes, assists or reimburses employees for training they get outside the organization, mean = 3. 22, SD = 1. 097). However, employees in this organization receive additional compensation have the lowest level of practice in the variety of activities (mean = 2. 0, SD =1. 099). Table 7 Descriptive results of Training and development (n = 195) Items People are properly oriented and trained upon joining this organization. This organization does provide regular opportunities for personal and career development This organization subsidizes, assists or reimburses employees for training they get outside the organization Employees in this organization receive additional compensation Training provided by the firm ofte n consists of both classrooms teachings and On-Job-Training (OJT). The ompany provides enough training for the employees to learn new ways to do their job Total Mean (Training) 4. 4. 3 Compensation Out of the six items in table 8, Employees are given autocratic recognition when they produce high quality work showed the highest level of compensation practice (mean = 3. 89, SD =. 965), followed by This organization pays well and This organization offers good opportunities for promotion (mean = 3. 723, Mean 3. 6769 3. 4359 3. 2205 2. 9077 3. 2769 3. 5949 3. 352 SD 1. 04202 1. 04524 1. 09713 1. 09906 1. 16885 1. 3793 1. 081 Mean 3. 6923 3. 7436 3. 1128 3. 4410 3. 497 ISSN 1582-8859 SD 1. 05405 1. 07737 1. 15213 1. 15337 1. 10 15 7 COUNTRY CASE STUDIES EuroEconomica Issue 3(31)/2012 ISSN 1582-8859 SD = . 927) and (mean = 3. 723, SD = 1. 018) respectively. The way in which employees in this organization are compensated (mean = 3. 65, SD = . 920). This organization values individual excel lence over teamwork (mean = 3. 61, SD = 1. 015) This organization offers a good benefits package compared to other organizations, mean = 3. 49, SD = 1. 007).Table 8 Descriptive Results of Compensation (n = 195) Items This organization pays well The way in which employees in this organization are compensated This organization offers a good benefits package compared to other organizations This organization values individual excellence over teamwork Employees are given positive recognition when they produce high quality work This organization offers good opportunities for promotion Total Mean (Compensation) 4. 4. 4 Employee performance SMEs are highly think to let its employees know, how they are performing (mean = 4. 08, SD = 2. 98).Table 9 the descriptive statistics is highlighted for each item. The cadence of an employees performance on the job is a priority in this organization receives the 2 nd highest mean value (mean = 3. 77, 16 SD = . 895), followed by the measurement of tur nover and absenteeism is a priority in this organization and when evaluating the employees for promotion, seniority is one of the criteria taken into bring up out (mean = 3. 517, SD = . 937) and (mean = 3. 517, SD = . 970) respectively. However, this organization 7 makes a point of keeping track of factors that it considers critical for success receive the lowest mean value (mean = 3. 0, SD =. 959). Table 9 Descriptive Results of Employee performance (n = 195) Items The measurement of an employees performance on the job is a priority in this organization. This organization makes a point of keeping track of factors that it considers critical for success. The measurement of turnover and absenteeism is a priority in this Organization When evaluating the employees for promotion, seniority is one of the criteria taken into account Does your company lets its employees know how they are performing Total Mean (Evaluation) Mean 3. 7795 3. 5077 3. 5179 3. 5179 4. 0872 3. 682 SD . 89534 . 9 5986 . 3799 . 97041 2. 98408 1. 349 Mean 3. 7231 3. 6513 3. 4974 3. 6154 3. 8923 3. 7231 3. 683 SD . 92793 . 92024 1. 00706 1. 01574 . 96522 1. 01800 . 975 COUNTRY CASE STUDIES EuroEconomica Issue 3(31)/2012 5. Discussion and Conclusion Small and medium enterprises may have a significant contribution in the economic growth of a country. The swift progress in entrepreneurial set-ups depicts healthy business activities. The findings of this study measure the level of HR practices in SME. The mean score of overall HR practices reported at 3. 553 indicated a moderate level of HR practices, followed in the firms.The adequate level of HR practices is an indication that the SMEs, participated in the study, are involved in implementing and practicing HR activities in their organizations. However, sophistication HR practices bring ample opportunities to gain competitive advantage in the market in terms of HR outcomes i. e. employee retention, satisfaction, competencies and commitment. This i ncrease in HR outcomes may significantly affect the SME performance. Hence HR practices should consider as the source of sustain competitive advantage and owner / manager should therefore put the HR agenda in central to any strategy.Human resources are consider as the activators of all non-human resources and are means for developing competitive advantages in the market place (Stone, 2005). Compensation practice of employees has a significant role followed by employee performance. These are considered as the key factors in managing HR in SME. Hence are practices in a comprehensive manner. However recruitment and selection and training and development practices are still need the attention and would like to practice in a more sophisticated manner.Especially, training and development, since, trained and motivated employees and managers contribute effectively under these practices. Moreover, scant attention is being paid to new HR practices to manage knowledge and its effective use (T aha, 2006). Efficient HR practices in a SME may straddle the information gap and improve the organizational performance. Moreover, HR practices framework in SMEs requires a collective approach to practices HR functions working as a set or bundle rather than independently (Delery, 1998). SMEs owners and managers should broaden the scope of HR practices.It will increase the retention rate of employee, enhance the competencies and commitment in work force and levitate the level of 7 satisfaction among employees. This shift in-turn enhances the organizational performance in terms of quality, productivity and market share. Successful HR system also helps to integrate the other organizational functions in lesser time. This integration will open long term investment opportunities through organizational strategy. Finally, eliminate strategies at national level may enable the SME sector to boost the national economy. Acknowledgement I would like to acknowledge Dr.Mashhood Ahmad Khan and Dr . S. M. Taha for providing guidance in initializing this study and insightful comments at different stages of this research. ISSN 1582-8859 17 COUNTRY CASE STUDIES EuroEconomica Issue 3(31)/2012 ISSN 1582-8859 References Arthur, J. (1994). 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