Final Exam Review Essay

final EXAM REVIEWBE15-4. Lump-Sum gross salesRavonette spate issued 300 shargons of $10 par economic assess super C business line and 100 shares of $50 par value preferred persuade for a lump sum of $13,500. The common stock has a market bell of $20 per share, and the preferred stock has a market price of $90 per share. pull in journal institution. P15-2. Treasury Stock worryClemson caller-up had the following stockholders paleness as of January 1, 2012. familiar stock, $5 par value, 20,000 shares issued $100,000 Paid-in capital in extra of parcommon stock 300,000 Retained compensation 320,000Total stockholders equity $720,000Feb. 1 Clemson repurchased 2,000 shares of treasury stock at a price of $19 per share. Mar. 1 800 shares of treasury stock repurchased preceding(prenominal) were reissued at $17 per share. Mar. 18 500 shares of treasury stock repurchased above were reissued at $14 per share. Apr. 22 600 shares of treasury stock repurchased above were reissued at $20 per share. Stock Dividend Problem (Page 17 in Moodle Ch. 15 Notes) CS, $5 par, 40,000 shares issued and outstanding $ 200,000 Paid-in capital in excess of par 835,000Retained earnings 2,160,000Shares of the confederacys stock are interchange at this time at $22. 1. A 10% stock dividend is declared and issued.2. A 50% stock dividend is declared and issued.3. A 2-for-1 stock split is declared and issued.E3.9. Adjusting EntriesSupplies Accounts dueBeg. Bal. 800 10/31 470 10/17 2,100 10/31 1,650 Salaries and Wages outgo Salaries and Wages Payable10/15 800 10/31 60010/31 600 Unearned dish Revenue Supplies write off10/31 cd 10/20 650 10/31 470 Service Revenue 10/17 2,100 10/31 1,650 10/31 400Instructions Reconstruct 3 work entries and 4 adjusting entries.P4.3. (Irregular Items)Maher Inc. reported income from keep trading operations ahead taxes during 2012 of $790,000. Additional transactions occurring in 2012 but not considered in the $790,000 are as follows. 1. The good deal experienced an uninsured flood breathing out (extraordinary) in the issue forth of $90,000 during the yr. The tax rank on this head is 46%. 2. At the beginning of 2010, the corporation purchased a machine for $54,000 ( ease value of $9,000) that had a useful life of 6 old age. The bookkeeper use straight-line dispraise for 2010, 2011, and 2012 but failed to deduct the salvage value in computing the depreciation base. 3. Sale of securities held as a musical composition of its portfolio resulted in a loss of $57,000 (pretax).4. When its  chairperson died, the corporation realized $150,000 from an insurance policy. The money surrender value of this policy had been carried on the books as an togment in the touchstone of $46,000 (the gain is nontaxable). 5. The corporation disposed of its unskilled division at a loss of $115,000 before taxes. Assume that this transaction meets the criteria for lay off operations. 6. The corporation decid ed to change its method of stock certificate pricing from average appeal to the graduation in first out method. The effect of this change on prior years is to increase 2010 income by $60,000 and decrease 2011 income by $20,000 before taxes. The FIFO method has been used for 2012. The tax sum up on these items is 40%.Instructions restore an income statement for the year 2012 starting with income from continuing operations before taxes. Compute earnings per share as it should be shown on the face of the income statement. Common shares outstanding for the year are 120,000 shares. (Assume a tax rate of 30% on all items, unless indicated otherwise.) m Value of Money ProblemsBE6.5.Sally Medavoy go out invest $8,000 a year for 20 years in a fund that impart earn 12% annual bear on. If the first wages into the fund occurs today, what amount lead be in the fund in 20 years? If the first payment occurs at year-end, what amount entrust be in the fund in 20 years?BE6.7. stern Fill mores lifelong imagine is to own his own fishing ride to use in his retreat. John has latterly come into an heritage of $400,000. He estimates that the boat he wants will cost $300,000 when he retires in 5 years. How much of his inheritance must he invest at an annual rate of 12% (compounded annually) to corrupt the boat at retirement?BE6.8.Refer to the selective information in BE6.7. Assuming quarterly compound of amounts invested at 12%, how much of John Fillmores inheritance must be invested to have enough at retirement to buy the boat?BE6.12.maria Alvarez is investing $300,000 in a fund that earns 8% interest compounded annually. What equal amounts can Maria withdraw at the end of each of the next 20 years?BE6.14.Amy Monroe wants to pee-pee a fund today that will enable her to withdraw $25,000 per year for 8 years, with the first withdrawal to take distinguish 5 years from today. If the fund earns 8% interest, how much must Amy invest today?Bad Debt Expense EntriesBE 7.4. Wilton, Inc. had net gross sales in 2012 of $1,400,000. At declination 31, 2012, before adjusting entries, the balances in selected accounts were Accounts Receivable $250,000 debit, and Allowance for obscure Accounts $2,400 credit. If Wilton estimates that 2% of its net sales will promote to be uncollectible, prepare the celestial latitude 31, 2012, journal entry to drop off hazardous debt expense. BE7.5. Use the information presented in BE7.4 for Wilton, Inc. (a) kind of of estimating the uncollectibles at 2% of net sales, suffer that 10% of accounts receivable will prove to be uncollectible. touch on the entry to record bad debt expense. (b) Instead of estimating uncollectibles at 2% of net sales, assume Wilton prepares an aging register that estimates total uncollectible accounts at $24,600. Prepare the entry to record bad debt expense.Non-Interest mien Note ReceivableBE7.7.Dold Acrobats lent $16,529 to Donaldson, Inc., evaluate Donaldsons 2-year, $20,000, z ero-interest-bearing note on 1/1/2012. The implied interest rate is 10%. Prepare Dolds journal entries for the initial transaction, recognition of interest each year, and the assembly of $20,000 at maturity.Inventory Errors (From Moodle Notes Ch. 8)1. Merchandise purchased on account in 2010 was not put down until 2011, when the companys bookkeeper reliable an report for $5,430. The shipment had arrived and was counted in physical roll at the end of 2010.a) What entry was not make in 2010?b) What adjusting entry was made at 12/31/10?c) What is the correcting entry in 2011?2. Goods costing $22,000 were shipped f.o.b. transit point by a supplier on December 28, 2011. The company received the invoice and recorded it on December 29 however, the goods were not included in the physical count of inventory since they were in transit. a) What entry was correctly made in 2011?b) What incorrect adjusting entry was made on 12/31/11?c) What is the correcting entry in 2012?BE9.2. Lower of make up or MarketFloyd Corporation has the following quaternary items in its ending inventory. Item Cost Replacement Cost Net doable Value (NRV) NRV less Normal arrive at Margin Jokers $2,000 $2,050 $2,100 $1,600Penguins 5,000 5,100 4,950 4,100Riddlers 4,400 4,550 4,625 3,700Scarecrows 3,200 2,990 3,830 3,070Determine inventory value and record loss using accommodation method.BE9.7.Gross Profit MethodFosbre Inc.s April 30 inventory was destroyed by fire. January 1 inventory was $150,000, and purchases for January through April totaled $500,000. Sales for the same period were $700,000. Fosbres principle gross dinero percentage is 35% on sales. Using the gross profit method, estimate Fosbres April 30 inventory that was destroyed by fire.

Promotional and Advertising Strategies Essay

The actor comes from Iran, with an ideological and religious passionate g only overnment which owns and controls totally of stintingal and industrial activities with an armed to teeth minority. In much(prenominal)(prenominal) countries they stomach produce and sell both(prenominal) humble quality with whatsoever dam boards that they want, and in reality guests engage not many alternatives, and intimately all of onward motional techniques and strategies be purpose little(prenominal)(prenominal) So here we argon talk of the town slightly unblock trade and free merchandise ordinate countries comparable US. This paper suss unwrap and scrutiny the circumstances surrounding the furtheranceal and advertize Strategies for two self-propel lead companies TOYATA and HUNDAI.The author is very curious round those companies, beca phthisis HUNDAI (1967) began cable automobile crossroadion al around 32 eld after TOYOTA (1935) But now, in all aspects some(prenom inal) companies are equal in quality, educateing, marketing, price and customer repairment, even HUNDAI is break down on HMC (Hyundai take out Company) was unknown stigmatise with baseborn quality and cheap price machines, s simple machinecely after it came in the US market reborn its fruits to mellowed quality and high purport quickly and stealing loyal customers external from many industry pi unrivalleders But how was this late-moving car maker able to gain an advantage in this extremely warring market?(Graf B, 2013) Introduction Definition of Advertising The destination Advertising first appeared in the seventeenth century. It has its root in the Latin countersignature advertere, which means, to make sight notice or know. It post be roughly explained as to extensively notify the public. According to the vocabulary of Chinese Etymology, the Chinese definition of denote means, openly announce to the public, with the annotation of much(prenominal) as putting up notices or publishing advertisements in parvenuespapers. (Yan Boqin, 1978) Definition of trade Marketing is an economic term meaning onward motion and distribution.Originally applied in agri coating, it drew to a greater extent and to a greater extent fear after the 19th century and cattle ranch rapidly. From economic, accessible, calling and customers angles, the prudishty of its definition mutationdament be determined (Li Zongru, 2004). For highlighting the taint in the eyes of public and attracting advancedfangled customers, fruit promotion is one of the essentials. on that vertex are many channels to enkindle a product or service. prosperous promotions strongly depends on believe and culture of people, style of living, income level, government policies and economical and industrial infrastructures.Some firms use multiple methods, go new(prenominal)s may use different methods for non-homogeneous marketing purposes. Irrespective of the type of service or product, a strong classify of promotional strategies gouge help sight the gild in a affirmative light with not completely period customers but new ones as well. The pas judgment of conviction are top ten promotional strategies 1- Contests, 2-Social Media, 3-Mail Order Marketing 4-Product Givea right smarts, 5-Point-of-Sale Promotion and End-Cap Marketing, 6-Customer Referral inducement Program, 7-Causes and Charity, 8-Branded Promotional Gifts, 9-Customer Appreciation Events, 10-After-Sale Customer Surveys (Carl Hose.2014 itty-bitty businesses Retrieved declination 2, 2014 from http//smallbusiness. chron. com/top-ten-promotional-strategies-10193. html) Comparing the promotional strategies utilize by Toyota and Hyundai for a similar product Today almost all of car makers brook a lot of experiences and they consume back comprise shot to modern and new technologies. So they can produce groovy quality and good design cars and excessively commotion good services to customers, e special(a)ly in US, on that point is no way to sell any products with misfortunate quality and number 1 customer service. In aftermath the best promotional strategies are those that involve culture, attitudes and beliefs of the people. The fol pitiablee are some ex deoxyadenosine monophosphateles of much(prenominal) strategies.Green environment Increasing public aware(predicate)ness closely environmental auspices, governments powerfulnessd to implement unenviable regulation and criteria for automobile firms. Toyota published on its wind vanesite 1. Diversifying talent sources Toyota is developing various new technologies from the perspective of competency saving and diversifying energy sources.Environment has been first and most consequential issue in priorities of Toyota and working toward creating a prosperous rules of post and clean world. 2. furnish Cell By generating electricity from hydrogen, Toyotas elicit cell fomites are not only environmentally friendly theyre likewise highly energy efficient. With such(prenominal) eco-friendly characteristics, Fuel Cell vehicles are the adjacent step toward achieving sustainable mobility. 3. Plug-In Hybrid Introducing the attached step for eco-friendly cars a combination of the proved engineering of current interbreedingisations with situation recharging.It has an make up electric trope and produces dismount emissions. 4. amount environmental issues surrounding vehicles For much improvements in efficiency, Toyota proactively manages berth train efficiency, reduces vehicle load, and controls energy watchfulness by integration of fuel-saving technologies such as charge control, idling stop, and so on 5. Various vehicles Along with our emphasis of conventional vehicles and hybrid vehicles as fundamental mall engine room while pursuing kick upstairs advancement. 6.Alternative fuels Based on these bosom technologies, Toyota impart develop next-generat ion vehicles utilizing alternative fuels such as gas fuel, electricity and hydrogen. (Retrieved celestial latitude 2, 2014 from http//www. toyota- world-wide. com/innovation/environmental _technology/) Hyundai published on its website 1. Blue shape up Our Blue pound technology gives you starting timeer pollution and higher(prenominal) mathematical operation. Blue Drive is a philosophical system that guides Hyundai in its effort to become the self-propelling leader in sustainability.Its helped revolve around our engineers and designers on creating flatboat vehicles, developing more efficient power trains and even inventing shoped hybrid technologies. 2. Plug-in and zero-emission In the future, Blue Drive will expand to include plug-in hybrid vehicles, zero-emission electric vehicles and fuel-cell vehicles that run entirely on hydrogen. Their only emission is water. 3. Electric hybrid Hyundai introduced the first electric hybrid with agitate performance. Our engineers sus tain invented the industrys most advanced hybrid vehicle. 4.New onslaught Un desire some other hybrids on the market, ours uses a patented Lithium Polymer battery. It has 40% less volume its 25% lighter and 10% more efficient. The battery besides has a longer life-span-it comes with a animation warranty guarantee. So you can expression good about preserving the environment for the life of your vehicle. (Retrieved declination 2, 2014 from https//www. hyundaiusa. com/new-thinking/environment. aspx) Slogan An advertising guide word is usually a short tagline less than five words that tells potential drop customers the values they can expect when choosing your product or service, or establishes your caller-up brand. (Kristen Hamlin, 2014 Retrieved celestial latitude 2, 2014 from http//smallbusiness. chron. com/ wideness-ad- mottos-31343. html) 1. Toyotas willpower slogans marketing efforts in North the States have focused on stress the positive experiences of ownership a nd vehicle quality. The ownership experience has been tar astonished in slogans such as You asked for it You got it (19751979) Oh, what a whimsey (1979 September 1985, in the US) Who could ask for anything more? (September 1985 1989) I hit the hay what you do for me, Toyota (19891997) Everyday (19972001) draw the feeling (20012004) Moving Forward (20042012) and Lets Go Places (2012present). 2. Hyundais Brand slogan NEW THINKING. NEW POSSIBILITIES. reflects the will of Hyundai push Company to give rise new possibilities to benefit the world and its people by boost and developing new thinking. All members of Hyundai have the brand slogan deeply graven in their hearts as they move forward in their effort to go forth new values and experiences desired by todays customers through forward-looking ways that are unique to the brand, control by new thinking about customers and cars.( Retrieved December 3, 2014 from http//worldwide . hyundai. com/WW/ collective/Corporate Inf ormation/BrandSlogan/index. html) New Compact Vehicle scheme According to the Ford India President, stocky car gross revenue are judge to pronged by 2018 from around one million units in 2013. This surge in demand in expected to be fueled by rising useable incomes in the second most inhabited country in the world, and also owing to the change magnitude demand for fuel-efficient smaller cars collect to rising fuel prices.( Trefis Team ,2014. Retrieved December 3, 2014 from http//www. forbes.com/sites /greatspeculations/2014/06/13/tata-motors-looks-to-improve-passenger-car- sales-by-penetrating-the- practice bundling-segment/) 1. Toyota The automobile market in emerging markets is maturement each category in tandem with the economic development of each country. Within those markets, there has been tag growth in the sales of conjure vehicles, so Toyota is promoting a new ram vehicle schema that emphasizes the compact vehicle lineup and seeks to meet the needs of consumers in emerging markets. 2. Hyundai The South Korean automaker ranked seventh among mass-market brands in the this courses U. S.Initial Quality reckon by J. D. actor and Associates, topping such brands as Toyota, Infiniti, Audi and Lincoln. Hyundais Accent compact and Elantra small car were named among the top trinity cars in their segments. (Hans Greimel, 2011. Retrieved December 2, 2014 from http//www. autonews. com/ denomination /20101206/RETAIL03/ 312069982/hyundai-plans-new-brand- strategy) fiscal go Strategy Every year, millions of people around the world transition out of poverty in any sum of waysby adopting new solid ground technologies, investing in new business opportunities, or finding new jobs, for ex angstrom unitle. effective the likewisels for saving, sending, and borrowing money and mitigating financial risks can help people weather setbacks and acquire greater financial perceptual constancy over the long term. (Retrieved December 4, 2014 from http//www. ga tesfoundation. org/What-We-Do/Global-Development/Financial-Services-for-the-Poor) 1. Toyota Toyota Financial Services has constructed a global network that covers some 90% of the markets in which Toyota sells its vehicles. Mainly saturated on auto loans, leases and Toyota dealer narrative plan requirements, TFS bequeaths auto sales financial support to approximately 5. 4 million customers. therefrom effectively helping them in devising their own cars more affordable to their potential consumers all around the world. Again creation a strategy that helps them a stronger contest in the market. 2. Hyundai Through our service brands, Hyundai Motor Finance and Kia Motors Finance, we provide financial products shipshape to meet the needs of Hyundai and Kia dealerships nationwide, including dealer livestock and facility financing. And, through these dealerships, we provide confirming vehicle financing and leasing solutions to over 1 million retail customers.Our subsidiary, Hyundai Protection Plan, Inc.offers vehicle service contracts and other vehicle protection products under the Hyundai Protection Plan and Power Protect brands. (Retrieved December 2, 2014 from http//www. Hyundaicapital america. com/hca. aspx) 2 uses for consumer-oriented promotions that could give ear a troupe in both the short and long term for the carmaker companies What are consumer-oriented sales promotions? there are two points of view 1- Retail Promotions exist of inducements offered by retailers to consumers includes retail coupons, price discounts, double coupons, special displays, features etc.2- Consumer Promotions consist of inducements offered by manufacturers to consumers includes manufacturers premiums, bonus packs, coupons, samples, rebates, etc. There are some primings for the importance of the sales promotion. First, the growth of retailer power in distribution channels has led to an excess in consumer promotions. Sometimes, manufacturers make special offers to consu mers because a powerful retailer insisted that they do so. Another time, as a way of neutralizing retailer power by intensification the bonds of trueness consumers may feel toward the brand.Either way, retailers ofttimes serve as the driving force behind consumer promotions. Second, the type of competition has converted significantly during recent years resulting in ever greater consumer price sensitivity. The growing of brands and brand extensions, intensity segmented consumer markets, and lower brand loyalty have combine to make consumers much more aware of price given that many product categories are populated by several(prenominal) competitions. Third, price deals have become the find oneself sooner than the exception for many products.Rebates on certain brands of automobiles, department store sales, and coupons on many grocery items are only a few areas where consumers have grownup to expect price breaks. Indeed, the expectation is more than, when possible, many consumers will wait for promotional offers rather than buy with no deal. Fourth, advertising clutter has forced marketers to find new ways of acquire consumer attention. Product benefits altogether frequently prove insufficient to make a motion consumer action much less get their attention.Thus, marketers change magnitudely look to sales promotion to find ways of breaking through to customers who face a constant natural spring of promotional messages. Eventually increasing of consumer promotion can also be attributed to more pressure on marketing management for short-term results. Investors want to immediate bottom-line results rather than the long-term health or stability of the companies in which they invest. Sales promotions are tools to growth near term sales. However, as their use becomes more common, their prices become stock and recurring and therefore potentially self-defeating.(Retrieved December 5, 2014 from www. udayton. edu/ /Consumer%2520Promotion. p) The strategic manner in which the guide car partnership has made its set decisions by using one or more of the quadruple set objectives The four Ps of marketing is the combination of product, price, place (distribution), and promotion. Marketers develop strategies around these four areas in marketing to enhance branding, sales, and profitability. (Ross Gittell, 2014, Retrieved December 5, 2014 from http//catalog. flatworldknowledge. com/bookhub/reviewer/3157? e=gittell_1. 0-ch06_s02).Price is the only receipts generating element amongst the 4ps, the rest being equal centers. Pricing objectives or goals give the company direction to the whole pricing impact and consider the following 1- Survival 2- Get competitive advantage 3- Financial, marketing, and strategic objectives of the company 4- Enhance image of the firm, product or brand 5- Hold price leaders 6- Increase market share 7- Consumer price point and elasticity 8- Available resources 9- transfix target of return of investment and sales 10- Prevent new entrants 11- Match competitors prices.Toyota gets computer address for being the most known brand on the market however the Corolla comes up nowhere in the competitor charts in terms of price, model distinction, or performance (TrueTrends, 2012). Providing a competitive advantage for the Corolla requires differentiating the car in pricing, quality, service, innovation, brand, convenience, and anywhere else that makes it more in demand(predicate) over its competition (McCrimmon, 2008). How Toyota as a leading company can offer lowest prices? i. e. $89 a calendar month for lease The answer is by maintaining its lowest costs.Along with differentiation Toyota also uses low cost to try and gain a competitive advantage in the self-propelling industry. Toyota is (or was at the time) the low cost manufacturer in the industry. Toyota achieves its cost leadership strategy by adopting lean production, careful choice and control of suppliers, efficient distribution, and low run costs from a quality product. (Michael E. Porter, 2013) This credit from Michael Porter sums up how Toyota achieves this low cost strategy. Through research, it is evident that Toyota is still the low cost leader in the automotive industry.Societal trends have moved forward from an individualistic culturewhich identified social status and hierarchy based on material possessionsto an environmentally aware society (Grewal & Levy, 2012). With consumers minds wrapped around things like fuel mileage, cleaner emissions, and hybrid technology we find them moving further external from SUVs and trucks (Farooq, 2012). However, the 2013 Corolla is foreshadowed to be outshined by the Dodge Dart, as it loses some of its competitive edge in pricing and other award harming features (TrueTrends, 2012).By 2012 Toyota is planning to have more than 20 models that use batteries to extend fuel economy just like their Prius (Krolicki). Although they have not been as aggressive in the electri c car market recently, like their competitors, they are planning to release a rechargeable variant of their Prius by June 2012 (Krolicki). This re-chargeable version will position Toyota to attempt to take over as a low cost leader of hybrid technologies inside the market, which supports Toyotas overall strategy of low cost (Krolicki).Two actions that other car companies may take in order to differentiate themselves and gain a competitive advantage Hyundai rightly understood the consumer motivations to create magnetic products, price them strategically, position them acutely and keep making the magnetism more potent. Having understood the finer deviances in consumer motivations, it opted for crispy arrow reasons-to-buy differentiation over the blanket-all approach taken by most of the other players. It is an aggressive marketer.It focuses on metier and low price products. Hyundai has also started premium products range to capture the growing market. (Anshuman goyal, pricing str ategy of Hyundai, 2007 Retrieved December 9, 2014 from www. hyundai. com) The segments are based on type of customer like age group, attitude, end use of product, demographic sort and purchasing power, status of the people of the region. separately competitor has its own strong point and value and position there product so as to attract level best number of customers.(Kottler, Keller, Jha, Koshy, 2007, Marketing care) Hyundai brand continues to govern the market for premium cars, despite increasing competition. The firm should first consider the competitors price. If the company i. e. Hyundai contains features not offered by the nearest competitor, it should estimate their worth to the customer and that value to the competitor price. Competitors are more likely to counterbalance when there is high competition. In representative of Hyundai, many products are there such as Sonata, Santro, Hyundai i10, Accent etc.Hyundai continues to provide stiff competition to Honda in all th e segments and poses an even bigger threat to blowup plans of Hyundai. (Anshuman goyal, pricing strategy of Hyundai, 2007 Retrieved December 9, 2014 from www. honda. com) Two examples of the most effective advertising medium for a Car company The TV advertising have been having the largest audiences in all ages, but car buyers are special(prenominal) ages who have not enough time to watching TV even less than one hour per day, because they are too busy in today competitive era.Instead the internet via smart phones and computers is like a ghost became as a inseparable part of their life, at any time more than 15 hours a day, and even when they are eating, showering, walking, sporting, biking, swimming, and in any place even in high mountains and deep forests, roads and villages Another reason for effectiveness of internet rather than TV is new intelligence algorithms via data excavation analyze the behavior of customers and put proper Ads to the web pages connect to the target cu stomers with very lower advertising costs.As a most important subject which advertisers should also pay attention to it is cultural differences, they have to be careful since cultures vary in different countries, they must understand the local audience culture before release new commercials, in order to repress any misunderstanding. Another internet related way for advertising can be the online promotional games, such as Toyotas use of MSN commercial games to promote its products, for instance. There are two interactive confine focusing on entertainment fun activities and downloads.Both of them were found in about one third of the 100 web sites, respectively. Fun activities were also utilized to promote the brand in the sites and they are not related to scores or performance. Activities for fun included virtual(prenominal) test ask (www. gmc. com), virtual plant tour (www. cocacola . com), virtual auto show (www. lexus. com), e-cards (www. saturn. com), a color in sheet (www. wendys. com), a virtual peel off beauty analysis (www. neutrogena. com), and so forth. Downloads promoting and connected with the companys brand were also analyzed.Desktop images such as paper and icons were the most offered downloads, followed by music (Seounmi Youn, 2001, Retrieved December 9, 2014 from http//list. msu. edu/cgi-bin/wa? A3=ind0209c&L=AEJMC&E =0&P=3326464&B= _&T=text%2Fplain%20charset=us-ascii) For the carmakers, another impressive promotion method is complete test muster. The buyers are very keen to get experience to drive with a brand new car and having the opportunity to really feel its advantages and disadvantages.For encouraging the customers to more alive(p) in test drive activities, go some gifts can always increase the enkindle and willingness of then. Getting the best result always does not correspond with the cost of the advertising. So carmakers should choose their advertising media in accordance with today era. However as always, in viting stars to speak for different models with different appeals will have so effectiveness to increasing the public awareness. Conclusion Some observers shady that Hyundais recent successes may be anomalies, abetted by the difficulties that the companys U.S. and Nipponese competitors faced after the global economic crisis, the rise in the yens value, Toyotas wave of recalls, and the 2011 earthquake and tsunami in Japan and Fukushima nu put on disaster. Others say that the companys highly protected home market has enabled its growth, allowing Hyundai to establish a global presence while its domestic competitors ensnare themselves to tiny slivers of the Korean market. But the hotshot factor that has made the most difference is the companys own interest in building beginning(a) capabilities. commencement in 1998, Hyundais leaders set out to develop the kind of artistry the company would need to become a global automobile powerhouse, able to hold its own in the United States and other fiercely competitive markets. Early on, that meant pass a comprehensive warranty and winning specific steps to dramatically improve its quality ratings. Once customers were convinced of the brands reliability, Hyundai added other capabilities, such as design, which led to a more change product line and more chic features. Meanwhile, it developed a knack for getting the word out through clever, uniform marketing.The result is a coherent mingle of quality improvement, design, and marketing that gives Hyundai a clear advantage over its industry competitors. Although these are required capabilities at all automakers, Hyundai has excelled at combining them over the past decade, and its sales numbers reflect this success. The companys effort to become a world-class automaker is beginning to pay off, and its far enough along that its composition can be credibly told.(Source Strategy & Business. February 26, 2013. Retrieved December 2, 2014 from http//www. strategy-business .com/article/00162? pg=all).References Anshuman goyal, pricing strategy of Hyundai, 2007 www. honda. com Anshuman goyal, pricing strategy of Hyundai, 2007 www. hyundai. com Carl Hose. 2014 base businesses http//smallbusiness. chron. com/top-ten-promotional-strategies-10193. html Hans Greimel, 2011. http//www. autonews. com/article /20101206/RETAIL03/ 312069982/hyundai-plans-new-brand-strategy Kottler, Keller, Jha, Koshy, 2007, Marketing Management Kristen Hamlin, 2014 http//smallbusiness. chron. com/ importance-ad-slogans-31343.html http//www. gatesfoundation.org/What-We-Do/Global-Development/Financial-Services-for-the-Poor Ross Gittell, 2014, http//catalog. flatworldknowledge. com/bookhub/reader/3157? e=gittell_1. 0-ch06_s02 Trefis Team, 2014. http//www. forbes. com/sites /greatspeculations/2014/06/13/tata-motors-looks-to-improve-passenger-car-sales-by-penetrating-the-compact-segment/ Seounmi Youn, 2001, http//list. msu. edu/cgi-bin/wa? A3=ind0209c&L=AEJMC&E =0&P=3326464& ampB= _&T=text%2Fplain%20charset=us-ascii Strategy & Business. February 26, 2013. http//www. strategy-business. com/article/00162? pg=all.

Immanuel Kant Essay

initiation 1What does ism mean? -Everyone has a philosophical system -We suck in ideas concerning things, people, the marrow of sustenance, death, God, what is nigh(a) and unwholesome. -We may support certain attitudes to life, certain ship slewal of looking at things. -For example -I am an optimist. I plunder evermore front a positive side to close unhappy situations. -I dont conceive in worrying too much. I count on ab break through today. Tomorrow go off take c be of itself. -Although an individual(a) seize this to be his ism and rightly so. entirely this is not philosophy as a discipline. It is too broad, vague, superficial, impersonal and unclear.It does not adequately describe the work of a philosopher. -We pick out to define philosophy more specifically. 2The reciprocation philosophy. -The Word Philosophy. -Philia ( adore) + Sophia (wisdom) = the eff of wisdom. 3Definitions of philosophy a. The study of the reputation and meaning of the piece race and of human life Online Oxford mod Learners Dictionary. b. Philosophy is a rational attempt to look at the humanness as a whole. 4What does philosophy seek to do? -Philosophy seeks to sample first harmonic questions about the population and about ourselves with the look forward to of coming up with consistent principles by which we can understand and live.5Human beings prevail always seek answers to certain fundamental questions What are these fundamental questions? -What makes an action write or wrong? -What is my purpose in the manhood? -What is truth? -What makes a good life? -Is God important in our lives? -Where does experience come from and how do we know that our noesis is true. -What is the relationship betwixt mind and remains? 6why do we withdraw philosophy? Why do we need philosophy when we have acquaintance and technology? -We have advance so much in science and technology -We live in cities, we have conquered the air and have ventured into space?-Commu nication is so developed that distance no continuing matters -We have immense power everyplace nature -We are able to get under ones skin more goods and services than ever originally -So, why do we still need philosophy? 7Yet all these advances cause us to be disturbed and anxious -There is a danger that the very technology we have developed could destroy us. -For example atomic technology. -We seem to be uneffective to plow with the problems of war, famine, terror, distribution of wealth, pollution, the threatened extinction of wildlife, maturation and oppression of the weak . -Knowledge and values have the appearance _or_ semblance to be divorced.-This is where philosophy comes in. It helps us to examine our lives as individuals and groups. -Philosophy may not be able to provide solutions to all the humans problems. But it helps to examine issues clearly, view options and help us to make advised decisions. -With poor, incomplete and shallow reasoning we cannot found an enlightened society -If we are unable to manage amongst valid and disable reasoning, then we become victims of persuasive orators, madness leaders and unscrupulous political leaders. -Philosophy helps us to see more deeply and clearly into an issue.It helps us to question traditional and outdate beliefs so that we can make informed choices -Knowledge of honorable systems help us to live honourable lives at the personal and communitarian level. -Knowledge of what constitutes beauty helps us to appreciate and respect differences in individual and cultural concepts of beauty and ruse. -Being able to think life-sustainingly will help us to be aware of either inconclusive and oppressive beliefs in religion. 8The traditional divisions of philosophy. a. system of logic b. Metaphysics c. Epistemology d. Value Theory LOGIC aLogic.-The regular study of rules to distinguish or notice good adducements from bad. -In an argument, groups will give contend views. -How do we know which argument is good and which is not good. -Logic helps us to do so by providing rules to recognize right argument from wrong argument. -It is pertain with tests to find out which arguments are valid. -Logic runs through all the opposite branches of philosophy. METAPHYSICS -bMetaphysics The study of the nature of being and of the world. -It is concerned with the fundamental nature of all existentity, twain visible and invisible.-It asks what reality is, why it is, and how we can understand it. Ontology That part of metaphysics that studies being or existence. EPISTEMOLOGY cEpistemology The study of the sources, nature and validity of intimacy. -It deals with issues identical -What are the sources of acquaintance? (Origin of knowledge) -Where does genuine knowledge come from? -How do we know? -What is the nature of knowledge? (Appearance and reality) -Is there a real world outside the mind? -If so, can we know it? -Is our knowledge valid? (Truth/Verification) -How do we dis tinguish truth from error? dickens traditional schools of thought have sought to answer the questions above -Rationalism -Human reason all can disc everyplace the basic principles of the universe -Empiricism -All knowledge ultimately comes from sense experience, and accordingly our knowledge is limited to what can be experienced. There is a relationship between metaphysics and epistemology. Our taste of reality (metaphysics) depends on our understanding of what can be known (epistemology). Our speculation of knowledge (epistemology) depends on how we understand ourselves in relation to the whole of reality (metaphysics). harbor THEORY dValue Theory The branch of philosophy that studies values. -It can be subdivided into ethics, aesthetics, and social and political philosophy. iethics is concerned with morality right or wrong behavior. -the three areas of ethics are descriptive, normative and metaethics. -descriptive ethics (what is ) identifies motives, desire and intentions o f human conduct and acts. It describes moral actions. -normative ethics (what ought to be) proposes the principles by which people ought to act and live. These are called ethical theories. -Meta-ethics(analysis) on how we understand, know about, and what we mean when we gurgle about what is right and what is wrong. It deals with the meaning of find out concepts, techniques of reasoning and analysis, and linguistic conventions It deals with matters interchangeable what do moral terms mean? What crystallise of mental state is involved in accepting a moral subscribe a belief, an emotion? Is there any sort of moral reality or facts? Is ethical knowledge attainable? If so, how? In fact, drawing the conceptual distinction between Metaethics, Normative Ethics, and Applied Ethics is itself a metaethical analysis. ii. Aestheticsis concerned with the theory of art and beauty. -Many philosophical problems in aesthetics involve critical judgements.? -It deals with concepts of concepts of beauty. Is beauty subjective or fair game? iii. Social and political philosophyisconcerned with value judgments concerning society, the state and the individuals relation to these institutions -It deals with issues like -Why should individuals live in society? -What should be the social ideals of liberty, rights, justice, equality and responsibility -Why should anyone go after any goernment?-Why should some individuals or groups have political power over others -Who should have political power over others? -What should the scope of political power be? -What are the goals of government? Glossary 1philosophyphilia (love) + Sophia (wisdom) = the love of wisdom 2logicThe systematic study of rules to distinguish or recognize good arguments from bad 3metaphysicsThe study of the nature of being and of the world 4epistemologyThe study of the sources, nature and validity of knowledge 5value theoryThe branch of philosophy that studies values.It can be subdivided into ethics, aesthetics, an d social and political philosophy. 6rationalismHuman reason alone can discover the basic principles of the universe 7empiricismAll knowledge ultimately comes from sense experience, and wherefore our knowledge is limited to what can be experienced 8aesthetics Is concerned with the theory of art and beauty.

'Coin\r'

'I was natural in the fires of an old-fashioned organise in the hilss of the Hindu Kush. Amid the clatter of shafts and the clack of classical, I paused on a beat-up anvil for the final pangs of my creation. Beneath me recumb a hardened die complaint the image of my faggot; atop me press other, sculpted with horsemen and few mirror-image linguistic communication. Then the hammer struck, hard and heavy, ringing out the watchword of my nativity. With each belo the dies dug deeper into my flesh, stamping their images as representing father and mother of a freshly create from raw materialed coin.As I look subscribe across two millennia for these earliest memories, I marbel at my abundant, today mythary, journey from mine to mint to merchandise to museum. I remeber Rome as a rising power, a century sooner the first Caesars; I recall the archean days of Emperor Asokas moral conquests and the builing of Chinas broad Wall. I have outlived six of the s hitherto won ders of the ancient world. (I am told the coarse gain lighten stands) Yet I am no mute ruin: silver babble outs. Mine is the voice of history, recorded by numismatists trained to hear my ancient stories of art, industry, worship, and war.My blandness youth, when legends traced my origins to a colony of teras ants. most(prenominal) lucky in ancient propagation was mined by condemned criminals and slaves whose lives meant little to their taskmasters. In my days, the mines of Egypt were legendary hives of human misery. entirely it was state that luxurious in great abundance could be ground just India, where giant ants piled luxurious-bearing dust at the entrances of their tunnels. These antsâ€nearly the size of it of dogs, the legend saidâ€defended their burrows fiercely against men who dargond to steal the spoils of their digging. notwithstanding much(prenominal)(prenominal) danger was trivial give the convening costs of ancient mining, and so the legend sp read as off the beaten track(predicate) as Greece. When horse parsley the Great invaded the Indus Valley in the fourth century BC, his classic soldiers eagerly searched for this legendary lode. Local guides disp rangeed for them the dappled skins of the ants themselves, but the invaders could not find a atomic number 53 mound of precious gold wholly a few generations later, however, classic settlers were collection large quantities of gold in this rattling division.These descendants of Alexanders warriors created a wealthy tycoondom called Bactria, famous for its beautiful silver and gold coins like me. (See Aramco World, May/June 1994) Where, scholars have yen wondered, did the classical kings of Bactria find so much precious surface? International clientele constitutes one obvious source, but giant â€Å"ants” might be some other. Two thou years by and by I was born, explorers observed that burrowing marmots on the remote Dansar Plateau, near the borders of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and China, do indeed heap mounds of gold-bearing universe at the mouths of their burrows.These stocky rodents, called â€Å"mountain ants” by the Persians who passed the legend on to the Greeks, grow to the size of small dogs and pitch up meter- highschool hills of metal(prenominal) subsoil. Even in modern times, local tribes harvest this gold in an antique tradition that recalls the legends of my youth. It is possible, after all, that inhuman marmots, rather than inhuman misery, brought my gold to the forges of man. From the moment I left the royal mint of my king Eucratides, eager hands grasped for me. I was a beauty then, the envy of all monarch butterfly and merchant from the Indus to the Euphrates.Great artists had carved my parent dies in mirror-image, etching tiny Greek nomenclature and figures backward so that these negative forms would modernize positive impressions on my two faces. The result, when compressed into 8. 5 grams ( 0. 3 oz) of gold, is a superb coin called a stater — a detect of art as well as riches. My obserse (the â€Å"heads” face produced by the lower, anvil die) boasts a once-brilliant portrait of King Eucratides, framed in a circle of small dots. screwing the kings neck trails the royal diadem, a thread tied round his head as the unmistakble emblem of his office.His cloak, engraved in high relief, is that of a cavalry commander, and his great cap helmet resembles a Boeotian design lauded by the historian Xenophon as the best headgear for cavalrymen. Attached to my kings helmet is a frontlet that sweeps back and ends in bulls horns and ears. well-nigh consider this a symbolic evocation of Alexander the Greats war-horse Bucephalus (â€Å"Ox-head”), who had horns gibe to most accounts, and who had been buried by Alexander near my throw birthplace. Like Alexander, my king rode with valor at the head of his elect cavalry and conquered with an aggressive Greek spirit.In fact, Eucratides called himself â€Å"the Great” long before that statute title was given to Alexander by the Romans. On my check (the â€Å"tails” side produced by the upper, plug forward die), you burn d sustain still read the wonderful caption â€Å"King Eucratides the Great. ” No Greek had ever put such words on his coinage before, but substitute was never my kings vogue. The armed horsemen who gallop within the inscription are Castor and Pollux. In Greek mythology, they were the sons of Zeus who would suddenly bug out in a crisis to save the day, much like Eucratides himself, who wrestled the Bactrian throne from a disinclination dynasty.These twins carry palms, brandish spears, and discover felt caps topped with stars. Behind the female genitals legs of the trailing horse, you rout out discern a Greek monogram, W. This mark identifies either the mint or the magistrate responsible for my creation. Nearly every gold and silver coin mi nted in Bactria carries such a birthmark, but the take away meaning of the many symbols has long been mixed-up. For example, some scholars think that my monogram indicates the city of Balkh or Aornus; others see entirely the initials of some un cognise Greek official who served a few months as midwife in the delivery of my kings unfermented money.If you look past the scars of my long life, I am as beautifully Greek as the Parthenon itself, though I was born 5000 kilometers (3000 mi) east of Athens. I am the principal of the West imprinted on the precious metal of the East. The implications haunt me. Am I propaganda etched on plunder, or the product of a peaceful integration? Do I personify apartheid or a confederation? The design and distribution of currency are deliberate, official acts, so money can never be neutral in the essays of any society.Look at a nations coins and you testament see the scatter-shot of its cultural canon: even a melting-pot like America has a partis an coinage, its message overwhelmingly white, male, European, and Christian. In ancient Bactria, I was no little biased. My milieu is entirely Mediterranean, and my intrinsic protect kept me beyond reach of the marginalized execrable of the non-Greek population. Gold circulated over the heads of these farmers and servants, who relied upon small denominations of dye of silver for their meager purchases.My king minted for them some square, multilingual issues struck on an Indian weight beat, but I belonged to compound Greek aristocrats, the ruling elite of Bactria. impertinent small bronze and silver coins which act swiftly but never far, my gold brothers and I ranged into territories quite distant from our monarchs own marketplaces. Throughout the Middle East, Hellenistic states were ready to accept gold coins struck on a common Greek standard with recognizable types. I, for example, would be pull ind in any market from the Balkans to Bactria.I had no repressive local fea tures, as did my square bilingual cousins, and my denomination conformed to the Attic Greek form used nearly everywhere in Alexanders old empire. The range of my travels can be easily documented: In Mesopotamia, for example, another Greek king so prise my design that he shamelessly steal every detail for his own coinage. But globe-trotting gold cannot be too careful, for everywhere, unsatisfiable melting pots stand ready. My parent dies produced as many as 20,000 siblings identical to me; at a time, of them all, only I have survived the gauntlet that gold runs.The most critical moment in any moneys life is the day it ceases to be currency. Once a coin can no longer circulate in a given place or time, human hands are fast(a) to convert it into some more effectual form. Most of my brothers became bullion again, their identities soon lost in the issues of other, less ancient kings. just about may exist still as a statues thumb or a goblets lip, but I would not recognize them. I carry the last known imprint of our shared dies because an odd concomitant spared my life. Painful and defacing though it was, that occasion added 2000 years to my story and gave me an unexpected career.A sturdy eyelet of my metal was fused to my reverse side, honorable across my galloping horsemen. The attachment was sized to qualified a finger, and I became a sinet ring. This ancient operation changed the whole pattern of my life. My surfaces no longer wore evenly; instead my obverse suffered horribly as it rode that band exposed to occasional bumps and bruises, while my reverse design was now shielded from the whold. I lived a exotic saucy life on the price side of the humand hand, banished from the palm where coins enjoy the camaraderie of active currency. Who had done this to me?The Greeks, as far as I could determine, were gone. Shortly after my kings reign, Bactria fell to successive waves of nomadic invaders. Some of them later settled in the region and created the Kushan empire, astride the famous Silk Roads that connect the empires of Rome and China. One Kushan ruler so exceeded my own kings ambitions that he proclaimed himself not only â€Å"the Great”, but alike â€Å"King of Kings, Son of Heaven, Caesar” — a title that is simultaneously Iranian, Indian, Chinese, and Roman. Although I finally found myself outside the closed world of my Greek makers, I felt welcome among these discriminating Kushans.They borrowed freely from my past. One of their graves contained a magnificent cameo imitating my design, and signet rings of Greek style were common elements in their elaborate gold-spangled costumes. at long last lost or interred — I cannot recall which — I reluctantly returned down the stairs the soil of Central Asia. For twenty centuries I slept; you cannot imagine the burden of time. My gold kept its luster while all around me the corrosive poisons of earth ate away the baser metals. Above me, kings gav e way to caliphs and khans as new realms dawned and died.Other gold shone for the civilizations of Muslims, Mongols, and Mughals while I lay undiscovered, underground, my fame forgotten. Neither man or marmot bring through me — until modern times. Then, I suddenly awoke and saw myself reflected in the wide dark eyeball of a jubilant discoverer. My new protector considered the expedient of the melting pot, but my unusual appearance gave him pause. Not just another antique coin, I was a warriors signet, well-suited to his own station. He was an Afghan officer, and I found a new home on his hand. There I was schooled in the long history I had missed.I learned that Bactria had pop off Afghanistan, where the weapons were new but the wars unchanged. Great powers still converged upon this rugged and remote bastion in order to control the gateways between Europe, Asia and India. Now, however, this struggle was called â€Å"the Great Game. ” Intrepid spies from czarist Russ ia and over-embellished Britain crept along the snow-filled passes of Central Asia, and tired armies clashed in places called Kabul, Kandahar and the Khyber Pass. Rudyard Kipling and others romanticized the struggle, but brave men did not bleed the less for all this talk of games. I saw the fight firsthand\r\n'

'Take a stand Essay\r'

'Energy drinks entreat call on very popular amongst today’s youth. America’s youth has thriving access to these unreliable drinks and the Food and drug Administration (FDA) at this time does non regulate the amount of caffein that is allowed into these beverages (Cool, 2011). These drinks guard high school levels of caffein and new(prenominal) herbs that have adversity effect on whizzs heart, on with high sodium and sugar levels that flock adversely affect ones overall health.The FDA on should regulate the allowable caffeine subject matter in these drinks and zip fastener drinks should be proscribe for children under the age of 18 years. The dangerous ingredients, ill side cause, and the insanely amounts of caffeine rear in these drinks will be discussed in this paper. It is important that Ameri good deals become amend about the sulfurous drinks that atomic number 18 cosmos foodstuffed as unafraid, and pushed on our youth (Clair, 2013). in that respect are akin(predicate) ingredients effectuate in all of the efficiency drinks on the market today.Some of these are caffein, Guarana, Taurine, Sugar, Genseng, and Bitter o localize (Rath, 2012). caffeine has adverse effects on the bole such as nausea, heart palpitations, headaches, sleeplessness, hypokalemia, rabdomylosis and atrial and ventricular tachycardia that can both be deadly (Rath, 2012). Guarana, while not as harmful, still has m any adverse effects of its own, some of which are: nervousness, tachycardia, anxiety, chest pain sensation and cardiac dysrhthmias (Moodie, 2009). No evidence at this point has shown Taurine to have any adverse effects on one’s health.The high sugar capability promotes obesity, diabetes and cavities. Ginseng has effects such as hypertension, tachycardia, heart palpitations, insomnia, vaginal bleeding and heart tenderness (Rath, 2012). Bitter orange has been associate to heart attacks, strokes, seizures, disrythmias, and m igraine headaches. Al just about either ingredient found in these drinks can have deadly side effects. Of the to a higher place mentioned ingredients, five of the six have similar effects on the body. All of these feature into one drink makes a deadly combination especially when used in excess.There are other side effects that can be caused from energy drinks digression from the deadly cardiac effects that these drinks cause. Because caffeine is a stimulant and the other ingredients with the homogeneous effects on the body, these drinks cause high blood pressure, elevated heart rates, liver-colored damage, and even death, just to name a few (Cool, 2011). There has as well been a link to women experiencing late miscarriages as strong as stillbirth and drinking energy drinks (Claire, 2013). Drinking energy drinks can also give a person a false sense of sobriety when flux with alcohol.This could lead to a person crusade more intoxicated than they feel that they are, frankincens e; increasing risk for alcohol link crashes (Moodie, 2009). Caffeine is a stimulant that is found in many products that we consume daily. In small amounts it can be safe and works as an energy helper in some cases. â€Å"Caffeine found in energy drinks can range from 80 to 300mg in an 8 snow leopard serving” (Rath, 2012, p. 72). The main problem with this is that most energy drinks are sold in cans sizes that range from 16 to 24 ounces.This duplicate or triples the amount of caffeine a person is consuming. The FDA limits the amounts of caffeine that soda companies are allowed to put into soda beverages to 71mg per 12 ounces (Cool, 2011). The corresponding is not true for energy drinks, there is no limit placed on the amount of caffeine that companies such as Red Bull or giant can place in their energy drinks. Teenagers and children are ingesting unsafe levels of caffeine mix with other dangerous ingredients and the FDA has turned a blind eye to this growing problem, i n turn; putting our youth at risk for death.Adults moldiness wake up and realize that there is a acerbate in soda machines and grocery stores crosswise America, and our children have easy access to it. Caffeine is an addictive drug that has been made quickly available to our children in alarming amounts. The FDA must regulate the amount of caffeine and other dangerous ingredients allowed or ban the change of these drinks to minors, in order to prevent ill health effects to our children. The public of necessity to be educated on the deadly side effects that these drinks cause and demand action by the FDA.\r\n'

'Green Purchasing and Procurement Strategies\r'

'The publication principally discussed sustainable procurement by applying a highly marrowive and coarse-term enthronization strategy which is called one thousand purchase. This is defined as the approach to purchasing products and services that considers the economical, environmental and social impacts of buying choices (Little, spurt acquire & procurement Strategies 1). It includes best repute-for-money considerations; applying the price, quality, availability and functionality of a required product or service.\r\nThe throw off for grand purchasing in the gild is spearheaded by dominion which is mainly the European Union and national government policies. ; with with(predicate) the expectation of the customers, consumers and other legitimate stake toters; and roughly importantly the tangible and beneficial effect of sustainable procurement in the stemma which are the cost drop-off, lowered put on the line to business, provides options by dint of innovation and preferences by electromotive force customers, insurers, credit sources and others. (Little, Green buying & procural Strategies 2).\r\nThis conclusion is generated from the subject area conducted from major Italian utility companies by Arthur D. Little. The companies perceived the one-third most valuable benefits of a sustainable procurement system to be: protective covering from environmental risk or disruption; attraction of environmentally sensitive customers; livelihood of brand reputation. (Little, Green Purchasing & Procurement Strategies 2). The approach to sustainable procurement was withal tackled as well as the go of the chief operating officer’s overall responsibility which can be used as wider strategic choice of a social club.\r\nThe portion of the CEO and his accountability to the overall execution of instrument of the business, the overall response of the stake holder’s expectations and his duty to build the value of the company t hrough cost reduction, minimizing risks and bulwark of tax revenue. The CEO cannot transfer the accountability for sustainable procurements but can typically impute responsibility for making it happen in the Chief Procurement Officer. (Little, Green Purchasing & Procurement Strategies 3).\r\nThree strategic choices for sustainable procurement are the following: Reactive- the company is forced to comply by regulation or loss of business; Compliant- allows revenue protection but fails to encourage unseasoned revenue generation; Anticipative- systematic valuation of the company and procurement options followed by effectuation of measures designed to maximize the business benefits delivered through procurement. (Little, Green Purchasing & Procurement Strategies 4).\r\nThe talent of the publication is that it tackled a divvy up of ideas regarding sustainable procurement and offered a comprehensive interpretation based on research and survey conducted from Italian Utili ties companies. Contact information for accomplishable additional clarifications was cited. There were too numerous points for strategic procurement that the explanation of green purchasing is not explained fully. It is not explained in detail how an organization can implement green purchasing.\r\nThe publication stresses on the exertion of sustainable procurement through green purchasing power and the role of the CEO in the organization to realize this goal. To be able to effectively attain a more sustainable procurement is through the identification of: • The stakeholders’ expectations • The business ambition for the authority of doing business • The barriers that prevent the company from adopting a sustainable procurement strategy • The resemblance between the company and the other organizations’ action in the field of sustainable procurement. Little, Green Purchasing & Procurement Strategies 7). Green purchasing is highly recomme nded by experts to be implemented in the company because it offers a lot of advantages in terms of cost reduction and also revenue generation which would declaration to sustainable procurement in the long run. [1] ———————†Works Cited Little, Arthur D. Green Purchasing major power Cost Reduction and Revenue coevals through Sustainable Procurement, 2008. Web\r\n'