Burberry The Well Known Luxurious Brand Marketing Essay

Burberry The Well Known elevated Brand merchandise EssayBurberry, the well-known luxurious brand, comes from England. It has existed since 1856, and was origin eachy crystalize by doubting Thomas Burberry, of capital of the United Kingdom. Currently, Burberry is an international brand and their two-fold shops argon primed(p) exclusively(prenominal) oer the world. The main office of the partnership is in London. Burberry was notable for the exquisite coats of its original time however, nowadays Burberry sells coats, accessories, perfume, glasses (Burberry, 2010)Burberrys logo (HaiBao, 2010)1.1.2 PradaNext, Prada is as well as a luxurious brand from Italy since 1913. Additionally, it started with the tall-class leather by Mario Prada. The products of Prada are concerned modern style and trends. Not only the quality of Prada, save also the performance of modernistic art. Prada has been famous, over 100 years payable to its handbags. (Prada, 2010)PRADA logo (2010, soutuzi) 1.2 Theory1.2.1 Market seg custodytationAccording to Hall et al (2008), marketplace segmentation is how a Business starts the features-such as geographically, demographically and behaviorally into sub-groups and how it attracts different types of consumers.1.2.2 Marketing mixHall et al (2008) reports that market mix also called intravenous feeding ps-products, price, place and advancement. It is the factors of the market that related to the firms strategy.1.3AimsThe goal of this report is to analyze the market segments as well as the market mix of Burberry and Prada. After that, Burberry is much inexpensive than Prada. Finally, it includes the recommendation.2. Findings Discussion2.1 SegmentationFirst, Burberry is divided into three sections there are Burberry London, Burberry Bailey and Thomas Burberry. Since 1997, the new director came to Burberry. Therefore, it also had changed the style of Burberry, which provides the products to the elders, soldiers and the royal members and it faces the wider customs from all over the world (Burberry, 2010). It could say the demographically of Burberry is all of the youth and the elders. Additionally, fit to the Haibao, Burberry established the series called Thomas Burberry. It is suitable for the younger however, as contrast to the Burberry London or Burberry Bailey, T.B is more(prenominal) popular with consumers, beca hold of the lower price and the younger styles. Another strategy of Burberry is geographical region. As for the market shares, Burberry is devoted in the Asian area and the United States. Burberry (Burberry, 2010) announced Sales all over the world is increased by 25% totally, and china takes up 15%, although the main area is still in the Europe. For instance, in 2009, Burberry set a multiple shop in Beijing. Actually, Burberry only chooses the place that has the most shoppers, peculiarly the wealthy. Therefore, the majority of geographical regions are the large cities, such as Beijing, sn atch in China. It is to say that the different areas citizens have different lifestyle and sceptical standards.Regions (2010)Following the governings above, e rattlingbody can know about the segmentation of Burberry. For example, Burberry targets young women, men and children. The measure of this segment is age and gender.As comparison, Pradas marketing segmentations is geographical, demographical and psychological. It is reported by Haibao that the majority of handbags are for mature women and the suits for successful men (2010). The age of consumers is happy to be older. Amount of consumer is high-class. Prada insists in Less is more (Prada, 2010). The fashion company aims at the youth, which can get high salary. Prada is a familistic brand all the time. Miuccia Prada and her husband, Patrizio Bertelli considered that they would do the vendition in Hong Kong firstly. According to Tammy (2010), one of the managers in Prada stated the company would choose Milan, London and New Y ork in time. In China, Prada (Prada, 2010) located in Tianjin, Beijing, Shanghai, Xian, Dalian, Shenzhen and Guangzhou.2.2 Marketing Mix2.2.1 ProductsBurberry produces the products, which includes coats, women, men, womens accessories, bags, shoes, scarves, gifts, beauty, children and perfume. Burberrys new managerManley (Manley, 2010) announced that Manley previously looked after all communications aspects across traditional and new blood line such as new stars and Internet service (Manley, 2010).In current, Haibao reports that Burberry shows that the series of overwinter Storms and the majority of consumer are lovers. Additionally, accessorization, such as scarves, handbags and umbrella also perish to this theme.Winter Storms (2010)Originally, its market served Italy. Nevertheless, Mario Prada changed the materials into the special one nylon, to made bags. Nowadays, Prada includes clothing, underwear, accessories, handbags and oxides items (Prada, 2010). In 2010, Prada (Prada , 2010) forecasts the slim gifts for Christmas Day.Accessories of Prada, for Christmas (Haibao, 2010)2.2.2 PriceBurberry sets a high level for the price of its product, Especially Burberry London (Burberry, 2010). However, Thomas Burberry sets a lower price for the mid-class youths. It seems that the price is divided by different level, such as Thomas Burberry is affordable for Burberry London. Certainly, deuce split of Burberry-Burberry London and Burberry Baily is sold at a high price, it is to say that Thomas Burberry is approached to consumers. In a word, high-class of the society could be offered these expensive products (Burberry, 2010). Thus, it is writ large that China is a large market for Burberry.Burberry-bags-wallets-and-purses (2010)Pradas prices are similar to Burberry. glide is the first position of its strategies.Price of Prada (2010) raffaello-network2.2.3 PromotionIt is essential that a argumentation promotes to attract customers. According to Burberry (2010), Burberry Foundation could give opportunities to make teenagers dreams come true. Therefore, the character of Burberry is great. Hence, there is great public relation that Burberry has done. Christopher Bailey, who is the highest manager of Burberry (Luxurious, 2009), with famous Chinese actor-ZhangMan yu, which celebrated the new store built in Beijing.Both of the companies use super stars or super model to video display their products to attract consumers. Prada (Prada, 2010) predicts the announce in 2011 will invite Mariacarla Boscono, Arizona Muse, Kinga Razjak, Zuzanna Bijoch, and Tati Cotliar show the new fashion.Prada in 20112.2.4 PlaceAll of the have a bun in the ovens of selling in Burberry is increased. Especially, the agency in China goes up and makes considerable profits for Burberry.Revenue by channel of distri notwithstandingion (2010)Amy and Pink (2006) reported the Internet has really changed the way that Prada sells. sell of Pradas handbags are commonplace on t he Internet, It is can make consumers buy very first Prada handbags. While Prada will never be considered cheap, the Wholesale Prada handbags offered on the Internet are generally a lot more affordable than the retail stores (Amy Pink, 2006).2.3 ComparisonTurning the topic into the comparison of Burberry and Prada, the traditional marketing mix is about 4ps, which are products, price, place and promotion. Certainly, it includes the alone(p) selling point. First, the unique selling point of Burberry is their coats. However, Prada is famous for their handbags. Products, that Burberry has Perfume, clothing, underwear, accessories, perfume and glasses. Prada has no underwear all the time and Prada notice the familism but Burberry does not. Next, the place seldom has differences between two companies, because both of them are luxurious brand, the companies choose the developed cities to set their multiple shops. Nevertheless, Prada has greater chains of store in China. Therefore, Burbe rrys marketing share looks kindred more than Prada. Finally, the place for these two brands is obvious that Prada has more stores in China than Burberry. Moreover, Burberrys place is much better than Prada, because of multi-channel. For promotion, Burberry chooses Zhangmanyu to celebrate the new store and to find some famous, young, modules to represent the products. However, Prada just rely on the Weekly Milan to display their new product, although, Prada choose represents like John Varvators to show the products. After that, due to the luxury, Burberry is royal brand in the United Kingdom, so the price is high. However, there is Thomas Burberry has lower price. All the Pradas series are setting high price (Prada Burberry, 2010).3. RecommendationIn summary, the advantages of Burberry and Prada are the skimming strategy, because it can make more profits. Both of them are known that producing attractions to allure customers, the promotion of Burberry is more attractive than Prada b ecause Burberry likes selecting famous stars to represent the products. However, the disadvantage of these two companies is the price is in any case high although the cost is high as well. Nevertheless, the marketing share cannot be high. Especially, Prada has no series that sets lower price for citizens, Burberry has Thomas Burberry to connect more consumers at least. Moreover, their multiple shops are located in the big cities, but medium-class cities cannot buy their products from local stores. The suggestion for Burberry is the selling place can be wide, particularly the cheaper Thomas Burberry.(Burberry,2010) As for Prada, the promotion is not enough, though, the words of blab is popular. Moreover, all of the products and price of Prada is similar. It is hide that ignores medium consumer, so try to divide into more series for consumers could be improved.4. ConclusionThere are all the recent surveys for the Marketing Segmentations and Marketing Mix of Burberry and Prada, the p ricy products, widely promotion and prosperous places could make these two companies develop preferable.

Case study Mental Illness and Addiction

Case national kind Illness and Addiction take up marrow ab theatrical role and how it differs from subject dependence.Substance ab expend is when an respective(prenominal) Overindulgences in an addictive magnetic core (New Oxford Ameri force out Dictionary. According to the Neurobiological Ca recitations of Addiction, substance squ entirely is a Maladaptive standard of medicate custom oversteping to impairment or distress presenting as one or more(prenominal) of the pursual in a 12 month period of m (Erickson Wilcox 2001) recurrent use leading to mischance to fulf sick major obligationsRecurrent use which is physic exclusivelyy hazardousRecurrent drug-related legal hasslesContinued use despite social or social problemsand the person has never met the criteria for substance dependence (Erickson Wilcox 2001). A person that has a substance dependence is when an separate uses a substance despite the oppose affects that may occur, such(prenominal) as detachment, and compulsive behavior. According to Erickson, Drug dependence is a maladaptive pattern of drug use, leading to impairment or distress, presenting as lead or more of the following in a 12 month period (Erickson Wilcox 2001)Tolerance to the drugs performsWithdrawalDrug is utilise more then intendedIn magnate to control drug useEffort is expended to obtain the drugImportant activities atomic number 18 replaced by drug useDrug use continues in spite of negative consequencesWhen an one-on-one has a dependence to a substance the psyche(a) has a mental and physical attachment with the substance. It is this link between the drug and the body / head word that potty perk up devastating and lasting set up on the single(a) who has the dependence.5 ptsSome convalescence/ treatment programs stress total abstention as a goal, while other advocate harm reduction. What ar the advantages/disadvantages of each approach?Abstinence is like to what it sounds the individual is non allowe d to divvy up in the substance that they be prone to, and these types of programs be effective, but the individual has to be testamenting to devote themselves to the program.Some of the advantages of self-denial hind end intromit getting the individual healthy physically and mentally. The positive side of abstinence is that the individual is no longer destroying personal property and committing crimes to finance their colony. Therefore, abstinence cumbers battalion out of the legal system including serving time for savage crimes and relations with the court system for loosing custody of their children. 12 step rec all overy groups such as AA and NA advocate for abstinence to give pile what they call, Recovery and a transport for a better life that is push over from active habituation (Personal communication, Wright. J, 2010) Abstinence provides a jut out group that allows the addiction to be normalized, and allow the individual to link up with other people who a re slaves to a dependency. The individual is competent to corroborate an since of empowerment by being surrounded by others, who are able to keep the individual in check on their addiction and personal goals.The disadvantages of abstinences, Are roughly disturbing is the way abstinence understructure segregate mentally ill persons from being able to engage in treatment. This is because m whatsoever people have diagnoses that require Benzodiazepines, Amphetamines and even Methadone which treatment providers believe to be extremely addictive. There is a theory that a person in treatment can engage in run if they are high on prescriptions (Personal communication Wright. J. 2010) The main program for abstinence is AA or NA and they are based on spirituality, this could be a conflict for some of the individuals who are in treatment, because there religion may contradict that of the programs. It is also principal(prenominal) to remember that the individual has to want to change th eir life for this program to massage. AA and NA also tell the individual that they have no power over their addiction, it does not allow the individual to have a feeling and since of empowerment. It seems to take the power away for the individual and puts all the focus on the addiction. as well AA and NA preaches the idea that you have to go to the meetings every day and that you go forth always be an addict and that you can never be without the addiction and that you can never over come the addiction. Also they have to be willing to alter their lives and commit themselves to the program fully.Harm reduction is a good alturnative to abstinence for individuals who cannot stop their use because they are mentally dependance to the substance. Harm reductions can include such ideas and concepts like, apply the substance less, using the drug every Wednesday or even changing out their needles for fairish ones. Some of the following are advantages and disadvantages according to the 2 007 Journal of Drug Issues in English and American Drug Clients (K. Phillips, h. Rosenburg A. Sanikop).Harm Reduction Advantages and DisadvantagesInterventionsAdvantagesDisadvantagesMethadoneReduces/eliminates/stabilizes illicit drug use facilities detox/relives withdrawalMore addictive and worse withdrawal then heroin, Substituting one addiction for another.Substitute Amphetamines cognize potency, Content.Decrease need for street drugs. Crime reductionCould encourage to use more on top and OD Diversion to b neglect markets.Needle rallyingDisease measure, Removes temptation to share or reuse (needles)Disease PreventionLower rates of acquired immune deficiency syndrome and STICommunity harm/inappropriate disposal, Makes it easier to inject.Encourages useDrop in CentersSafer environment NOS, OD prevention/ Prevents harm treatment facilitationEncourages drug use/Risk compensation.Place where drugs can be sold.LofexidineEases pang of withdrawal non-opiate alternativeEncourages deto x/eases withdrawalDoesnt help enough with the withdrawal symptomsDrug has specific side effectsNaltrexoneTemptation resistance go by prevention because use is waste of moneyRelapse Prevention/ helps substance abuser quit, blocks the effects of HeroinCan be used as a weapon, Clients wont take itIn the states, Harm Reduction therapy has a scrape attached to it that some clinical practices and professionals have attached to it, detouring individuals with substance abuse issues to use Harm Reduction. This type of therapy also does not assist with co-occurring dependancies that the individual may have. It tends to focus on the chemic substance that the individual is addicted to and not the cause of the dependancy. It does not allow for the individual to isolate and get to the idea of the problem, however, it does save money in the medical and prison systems. The needle exchange, was started after(prenominal) the out break of HIV and AIDS and the number of individuals who were diagno sed with HIV and AIDS has at rest(p) down since the needle exchange was influenced. As well as the number of individuals who are in prison for substance abuse has gone down because there are treatment programs that include methamphetamine hydrochlorideadone that can help the individual come off their addiction to an opiate.5 pts crapulence has been described as a bio-psycho-social dis narrate. If you were performing an sagaciousness of a suspect what factors would you look for in the client narration?Bio-psycho-social is broken down into the followingBiological Addiction is addiction that runs in the families and there maybe hereditary involved in the process of addictions, but some of the individuals have a biological predisposition to addictionPsychological Addiction That addiction is a learned behavior. This can include, domestic violence and learning how to use a drug. One becomes obsessed by the PLEASURE that the substance can provide. tender Aspect Environments that indiv iduals grow up in and that environment may reenforce addictive behaviors.It is these concepts that create the bio-psycho-social theory, it is an idea that is steeped in the theory of person in environment. It takes in account the individuals biota, psychological health and social wellbeing and support to fully witness the root of the persons addiction. According to the Handbook of Forensic Mental Health ( D. springer spaniel A. Roberts 2007 p. 350-352) the following are questions and information that you have to stack up in nine to be able to fully complete an assessmentPresenting Problems Record current problems as reported by the youth, family, referral source and any pertinent others, Include the history and development of the problem, circumstances surrounding the problem and the previous attempts to solve the problem. Development (birth to current age) describe prenatal care, birth, achievements of developmental milestones, delays and birth defects.Family Background descr ibe the family constellation, family functioning and communication. Include socioeconomic, educational and occupational information. Describe family childrearing and parenting tactics.Academic History Describe previous diagnoses and the history of psychological problems and services. Include medication history and any history of self-injurious behaviors and or self-annihilation attempts.Psychological History Describe previous diagnoses and the history of psychological problems and services include medication history and any history of self-injurious behaviors and or self-annihilation attempts.Substance malignment History Describe the youths use and abuse of all substances include the length, method, and location of use and the families history of substance use.Juvenile rightness or Legal History Describe previous encounters with the juvenile referee system and the history of illegal behaviors and status disrespect. include timeline, type, and circumstances of offense as well a s the family history of legal problems.Violence and Abuse History Detail psychological, verbal, physical, and sexual abuse of the youth and include a timeline. differentiate perpetrators and describe whether the abuse occurred in or outside of the family. Describe any family or dating violence that the youth perpetrated. include any other traumas that the youth was exposed to.medical History Describe the history of medical conditions diseases and medication of youth Include the family history.Cultural History Identify the ethnicity and rase of the youth and family include any issues noted regarding bicultural identity, immigration status, diction barriers, acculturation and discrimination.Lethality Clearly identify any concerns with lethality of the youth either towards him or herself or others and describe the plan for addressing this lethality.Bio-psycho-social is a holistic approach when dealing with an individuals addictive behavior. It is based on a continuum approach, that i s supported by a since of empowerment. It allows the individual to understand wherefore they many have started to be addicted to a substance that is plaguing them, and gives them the tools that is needed to understand their addiction and how to prevent themselves from relapsing.5 ptsHistorically, a number of theories or lays of intoxicantic drinkism have evolved. What are these manakins and what is their relevancy for today?These baffles give a guideline and help create an grounds in why people become addicted to specific substances. These models lay from biological reasoning to environmental, but they are all linked in trying to discover why people become addicted to substances they all strive to create a public understanding of addiction. They do not try to make excuses for those who are addicted, but they try to understand why addiction occurs.Theoretical pretenses of Alcohol/Drug AbuseFrom the Concepts of Chemical dependency by H. DoweikoMoral dumbfoundTemperance Mode lSpiritual ModelDispositional Disease ModelCore ElementThe individual is viewed as choosing to use alcohol in problematic mannerThis model advocates the use of alcohol in moderate mannerDrunkenness is a sight that the individual has slipped from his or her intended path in life.The person who becomes addicted to alcohol is somehow different from the nonalcoholic. The alcoholic might be said to allergic to alcoholEducational ModelCharacterological ModelGeneral Systems ModelMedical ModelCore ElementAlcohol problems are caused by a lack of adequate knowledge about harmful effects of this chemicalProblems with alcohol use are based on abnormalities in the spirit structure of the individualPersonal behavior must be viewed deep down context of social system in which they liveThe individual use of alcohol is based on biological predispositions such as his or her genetic heritage brain physiology and so on.(Harold Doweiko. 2009. pp. 30)The models that have the most relevancy for today h as to be the medical model and the general systems model. Because by flavor at the person in a holistic way we can understand that the individual is affect by addiction in three ways biologically, psychologically, and socially and those two theories envelop those ideals. I think that when you understand the individuals biological and social characteristics, you will understand there addiction.5 ptsIn describing the neurobiology of addiction, the term neuroplasticity is used to describe what brain process?Neuroplasticity is when the brain is change due to chemicals, and it is forced to change in order to adapt to the chemical. When the chemical has been removed from the individual withdrawal starts to occur, because the brain has a difficult time functioning without the substance it has been forced to adapt to. Because the brain is good at making adjustments the body is capable of adapting to the toxic chemical, and the body learns how to function with the additive. Without the che mical the body has to alter itself to relearn how to function without the chemical.5 ptsDr. Eugene Prochaska has developed a treatment approach based on Stages of Change. What is the thinking behind this model and how it is used in treating substance abusers?The purpose of this model is to understand how the cognitive and behavioral approaches affect the individual who is addicted to chemicals. According to Porchaska the, Purpose (of) the transtheoretical model (TTM) of health behavior seeks to bridge the cognitive and the behaviorist approaches by positing a series of stages in modifying behavior in only some of these are cognitive processes pertinent and The model includes four main constructs the sequential stages of change processes which people typically use to facilitate change decisional balance, which predicts whether change will occur and self- efficacy, the persons confidence they can make changes (Prochaska. 1985. pp. 1).Stages of ChangeStages of Change and the Transtheor etical Model By E. ProchaskaStagesDescriptionPre-contemplationThe person has no intent in changing the behavior, usually within the next six months. This maybe due to lack of information or confidence. The person is unmotivated and will resist discussing or thinking about making the change. They are not mend for interventions. reflectionThe person expresses and intention to take action within six months. They are aware of the benefits and cost of making the change and this balance may keep them in the phase for a long time. They are not ready for an intervention that expects immediate action.PreparationThe person intends to take action in the immediate future. They typically have a plan of action and they have taken some preparatory action. They are ready for traditional action interventionsActionThe person has specific changes to their lifestyleMaintenanceThe person whole kit and boodle to prevent relapse during this phase their confidence increases as they continue with their to nic lifestyle.TerminationIn principle the maintenance stage will lead to a phase in which the person is no longer tempted to chase away to their former behavior and the change is complete.This model suggest that in order to over come an addiction you have to go though a linear model. I do not think that the individual with the substance abuse has to go though all these steps in order to kick the habit. I also believe that this model places all the rap on the individual because it does not take into account the individual biology and or the environment that the individual is surrounded by. The thinking behind this model is that these are the stages that an individual who has a substance abuse dependency must go though in order to become clean and if they are able to follow this model they will finally be able to kick the habit.5 ptsHow is crystal meth different from other stimulants such as cocaine? What are some of the long-term effects associated with meth use?According to the Pow erpoint provided by the Department of Health and Human run (SHMHSA) the differences between methamphetamine and cocaine areCocaine effects 1 to 2 hours.Methamphetamine effects 8 to 12 hours.More acuate rush or initial enjoyment (I would add.)Withdrawal from methamphetamine can cause more intense symptoms and last longer.The Long term psychological effects of using meth areConfusionLoss of ability to concentrate and organize informationLoss of ability to feel pleasure without the drugParanoiaInsomnia and fatigueMood swingsIrritability and angerDepression solicitude and panic disorderReckless, unprotected sexual behaviorThe more collapse psychological effects can includeHallucinations demolishe depression that can lead to suicidal thoughts or attemptsEpisodes of sudden, violent behaviorSevere holding evil that may be permanentThe chronic physical effects areTremorWeaknessDry mouthWeight loss/malnutritionIncreased sweatingOily skinSoresHeadachesSevere problems with teeth and gums Sever PhysicalSeizuresdiscredited blood vessels in the brain/strokeDamaged brain cellsIrregular heartbeat/sudden deathHeart fall upon or chronic heart problemsKidney failureLiver failureTweakinginfected skin sores5 ptsCitationsDepartment of Health and Human Services. SHMHSA.(Year unknown) Session 4 methamphetamine and cocaine, TCRIM 361 Summer 2010. University of Washington Tacoma.Doweiko, H. (2009). Concepts of chemical dependency psychological models of substance use disorders. Brooks/cole cengage learning. Belmont CA. ISB 13-978-049550580-8Erickson, Carlton K. and Wilcox, Richard E.(2001) Neurobiological causes of addiction, journal of social work practice in the addictions, 1 3, 7 22DOI 10.1300/J160v01n03_02 uniform resource locator http//dx.doi.org/10.1300/J160v01n03_02Phillips, K., Rosenberg, H., Sanikop, A. (2007). English and american drug clients view of the acceptably, advantages and disadvantages of treatment and harm reduction interventions. Journal of Drug issues, 37(2), 377-402. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database.Prochaska, J. (1985). Stages of change and the transtheoretical model.Springer W., Roberts A., (2007) Handbook of forensic mental health with victims and offenders assessment, treatment, and research. Springer Series on Social Work. New York. ISBN 0826115144Wright. J. (2010, Aug. 8). Personal communication. University of Washington.

Trends in Fast Food Consumption

Trends in Fast viands ConsumptionFast nutrient is nutrition which is prepared and served at a stiff- viands restaurant or shop at low cost. Fast sustenance is lots processed and prepared in an industrial fashion (i.e., with banner ingredients and methodical cooking and production method). It is served usually in bags or cartoons in a manner in order to save costs. Fast pabulum outlets often provide take-away forage in addition to a dine-in service. Drive-through, could be found in some desist nutrition restaurant, drop out food to be ordered and delivered without leaving the car to speed up the service. Fast food is usually finger food that can be eaten quickly and without cutlery needed ( employ bare hand). Fast food often offers fish and chip, sandwiches, hamburger, french fries, chicken nuggets, pizza, and ice cream. Moreover, many fast food restaurants offer some other easily consumed choices like, mashed potato, or salads. Chinese cuisine, although the food could be served as take-away, is not always a fast food.Be stir of its convenience, fast food is successfully popular in most modern ordination however, it is often criticized for having alleged shortcoming, for example It has poor nutritive value, It contributes to obesity, It uses exploitative announce and marketing. The unhealtiness of fast food, pointing one, comes from cooking method. Fast food tends to be deep-fried which resulting lavishly-pitched inwardness of risques and calories. To illustrate this complaints, the documentary film Super Size Me, had the film director eat nothing but McDonalds without exercise within 30days. Due to the conclave of food and lack of exercise, his wellness was impacted. In order to overcome those health issues, some of the largest fast food chains are beginning to consist healthier alternatives, adding salads and fruits to their menus. However, some people are unbelieving about this, sightedness it as tokenistic and commercial measure, rathe r than appropriate reaction about peoples health.The rapid growth of the fast food indus accentuate during the last decade has added other dimension to the change in food consumption pattern of Malaysians. The Westernisation of world(prenominal) eating habits, strive possible through food imports, fast food and rising consumption of sugars and sentient beings fats, is often blamed for the rising epidemic of obesity and associated chronic disease (Gopalan C. 1992). The fast food industry in Malaysia had a sizzling growth throughout most of the 1990s. The essence sales were RM1 cardinal (US$ 263million) in 1997 increasing to RM 1,3 billion (US$ 340 million) in 2000(The Edge, 2001). Some of the major fast food companies in Malaysia and their estimated sales for the year 2000 are shown in bow 1.Table 1 Fast food companies in Malaysia a selected harkenBrand (origin) Year established Number of outlets Market share(%) Sales(US$million)KFC (USA) 1973 294 45 152.3McDonalds (USA) 19 82 141 30 92.0Pizza Hut (USA) 1984 85 8 31.6A W (USA) 1961 44 4 19.1Marrybrown (local) 1981 88 4 NASugar coil (local) 1981 45 * 9.5Kenny Roger (USA) 1994 25 * 9.5*all others combined = 9% US$ 1.00 = RM 3.80NA not available.Source The EDGE. (2001) Still sizzling? Survey Guide, pp. 59-63Psychologically, adults develop their independence, and try and fit into their social circle. Peer and working pressure may cause them to choose soft drinks instead of milk, skipping meals because of their duties. Adults want to develop independence and make choices for themselves (they choose what and where to eat and drink). Truswell AS (ABC of Nutrition, 1999) has suggested the following eating behaviour as common in adults, such as, skipping meals (being on a diet), eating snack, devour high amount of fast food, consuming convenience food, drinking high amount of alcohol and soft drinks.Trends in Food ConsumptionIncome and population, joined with changes in lifestyle to one of urbanisation, have increased the demand for food and convinced changes in food habits, food purchasing, and consumption patterns (Noor MI, 2002). Food counterbalance sheet data are useful to indicate trends of food usance pattern rather than consumption per se in the absence of nation-wide food consumption surveys. The intake pattern of calories increased from 2430 kcal person-1 day -1 in 1961 to 2990 kcal person-1 day-1 in 1997, protein from 49g person-1 day-1 to 61g person-1 day-1, and fat from 49g person-1 day-1 to 87g person-1 day-1 (Food and Agriculture judicature, (1961-1997)). The food balance sheet also revealed that, from 1961 to 1997, the amount of calories obtained from cereals decreased from 61% to 41%, bastardlywhile, calories from meat, eggs and fish increased from 6.2% to 14,3% sweeteners from 9.5% to 18%, and oils and fats from 11.% to 14.8% (Table2)Table2 Changes in sources of calories in Malaysia, 1961-1997Year1961-63 1970-72 1979-81 1988-90 1997Cereals 61 57 48.6 40.0 41.0S tarchy grow 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.9 1.9Vegetables fruits 4.2 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8Pulses 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0Meat, fish, eggs 6.2 6.7 9.5 12.4 14.3Milk, excluding butter 2.9 2.9 3.8 3.8 3.8Sweeteners 9.5 12.4 12.4 13.2 18.0Oils fats 11.4 12.4 17.1 21.0 14.8Miscellaneous 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.4Source Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), (1961-1997).The Ministry of Agriculture depicted that per capita consumption of major food commodities between the geezerhood 1985 and 2000 as shown in table 3. The trend learnt, where there is a trade towards an affluent diet that is high in energy-dense foods and rich in fats at the expense of complex carbohydrate foods, is consistent with the increased national wealth. The cover up also revealed a doubled increase in imported food from US$ 909 million in 1985 to US$ 2 billion in 1995.Food intake studiesIn the absence of nation-wide food consumption surveys, this report is able to highlight some selected studies which are conducted in the last several(pren ominal) decades. A household food consumption survey in pauperization villages describe a mean energy intake of 1874 kcal, of which 12% if the original energy was obtained from protein, 18% from fats and 70% from carbohydrates (Chong YH, Tee ES, Ng TKW, et al. 1984). A take apart by Chee SS, Ismail MN, Ng KK, et al.(1997). In poor villages, using 3-day food record, reported a similar mean energy intake of 1871 kcal with a deviation in the constituents, 13% of the total energy from protein, 20% from fats and 67% from carbohydrates. Their paper also expressed a significant difference in mean energy intakes of urban (1718 kcal) and rural woman (1711 kcal) were similar, fat contributed 30% of the total calories in the urban subjects compared with 29% in the rural counterparts. An examination of the fat composition of the Malaysian urban populations diet by chemical analysis, using a 7-day rotation menu, revealed that the diet provided 2300 kcal obtained from 66g of total fat ( 51g of vegetable fats and 15g of animal fats), 36g of protein and 360g of carbohydrates (Tony NKW, 1995)Table 3 Per capita consumption (kg year-1) of major food commodities, 1985-2000Year event 1985 1990 1995 2000CropsRice 102.2 89.8 86.9 85.7Vegetables 42.4 45.4 48.5 52.0Fruits 39.7 44.3 49.9 53.5LivestockBeef 2.4 3.2 4.3 5.3Mutton 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6Poultry 14.6 19.0 30.0 35.3Pork 10.1 12.0 13.2 8.1eggs 11.4 15.7 16.4 16.8Milk* 37.2 37.7 51.5 53.0Foodfish 33.4 34.8 39.1 49.0Food imports (US$ million) 909 1205 2017 NA*Milk per capita consumption in litres per year.NA not available.Source Ministry of Agriculture. (1999)

The Strengths Of The Mattels Core Brands

The Strengths Of The Mattels Core BrandsAnswer Yes, e actually manufacturer of the childrens crops sop up special responsibilities. Beca implement being a bulge bug out of a business disposal has the responsibilities to the consumers and the society. Every shaping tries very sticky to survive in food mart, by the effective use of factors of cropion and other facilities of the society. With the help of this process the presidential term get into an interdependent relation with the fellowship at large, the environment and the rear customers. Such interdependence progress tos rise to a series of broader responsibilities to society and the targeted customers. agree to the business environment theory of Palmer and Hartley, the business organization should act in social responsible manner in two different ways, sensation philosophic and mavin pragmatic. The philosophical way includes the model of the organizational necessary and other includes the social determine of the society which is very important for an organization to resist in the social market.Every organization has a righteousness towards the consumers and the society and that particular accountability is being termed as bodily brotherly responsibility, which tramp be defined as economic, legal, ethical and different expectations that a society has from an organization. The concept of corpo measure social responsibility means that organizations befool honourable, ethical, and philanthropic responsibilities.Previously numerous organizations opposed consumerism tho now just active companies reserve gr stimulate to accept the responsibilities towards customers and the society. The philosophy of en unmortgagedened marketing says that plane the marketing practices should besides be soci eachy responsible which consist consumer lie marketing and social marketing which aims at serving and satisfying the ask and needs of the customers and to produce such products which ar not only pleasing exclusively also beneficial.As a manufacturer of the products which be specially intentional for the children the, the manufacturer has some special responsibilities to consumers and society, because children often lack the lit date of referencecy to all told deduce how things may work, the mashs must be safe in all use including non-intended use in order to protect the children. The manufacturers should not only execute the safe fiddles save they must also be sensitive to the societal concerns on childrens rights and privacy.Manufacturers of the childrens product specially take for obligations to the consumers. This is in assurance that children get all over to have grittyest levels of defense when it comes to brings. An obligation that manufacturer do is that manufacturers must conduct out assessments as it relates to safety and health hazards and add to it technical nurture on specific such as chemicals, in order to sustain findings and present accurate information. The warning should be put on certain(a) toys to indicate what the intended age is for use of the toy. Moreover after all testing is done on the toys, if any toy or part is signifi bumtly under the standard, then it must be destroyed in order to prevent the public from gaining access to it in any way, shape, or form.When we talk about Mattel that how Mattel has met the responsibilities then the things be quite clear the Mattel did it by creating such a product that consumers and parents trust and building a supremacyful and positive discoloration image. They also integrate this responsibility with their Corporate responsibility report in which they state their goals are to ensure product safety, offer in communities, and treat colleagues with respect in order to work hard to be a attraction in making our communities and the lives of the children even out.The kernel bulls eyes of Mattel are Barbie, tropical wheels, Fisher price, and Ameri stinkpot Gir l. Each smirch clearly has its stimulate demography, each blur catering to infants and preschoolers, Girls, Boys and those adults that are lifeless(prenominal)ness young at emotional state. One of the strengths of the brand Mattel is the rich history of the company. The company began in 1945 out of a small and simple idea that started in a garage workshop. Each brand also has good staying power at the head teacher of their market.The evidences that show the strengths of Mattel in the area of fulfillment of the responsibilities to the customers and the society specially as the manufacturer of childrens products are.Mattel recognizes supranational environment, different legal systems and cultural expectations, and the use of engineering especially with regard to consumer privacy and has taken steps to strengthen its committedness to business ethics and social responsibility.Mattel recently published its first Corporate Social Responsibility report, including a strong statemen t about its committal to economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic responsibilities which includes commitment to product safety, volunteering in a community, developing a best practice or even treating colleagues with respect and dignity.Makers of Ameri dejection Girl collection extendd $449,500 in grants to support childrens projects as environmental rearing for elementary school children, various cultural programs and a performing humanistic discip course of action series for children.The Barbie brand debuted a worldwide cause related-program called Barbie Cares Supporting children in the Arts dedicated to supporting Arts education for children funded by a $2 million donation to the Entertainment Industry Foundation.The weaknesses of Mattel in the identical area are.The Childrens privacy- Mattels attempts to follow their market into the proficient realm have include the development of a number of children-friendly web targets to accompany their toys. Targeting children wit h internet sites, however, brings about unembellished concerns. Mattel must be very careful to protect their legal and moral reputations by respecting the privacy of the children and their families, which is put in jeopardy every duration the website asks a minor to provide information.Lack of total control over business partners-Though Mattel has embarked on the spheric manufacturing Principles (GMP) and regular social audits, Mattel cannot intensively reminder the business processes and activities of its partners. There is no guarantee that its business partners go out completely comply with Mattels corporate social responsibility (CSR), ethical business conducts and product safety requirements. Mattel somehow could be facing legal actions and criticisms from various stakeholders nearly the world.Q.2- Comment on the strengths and weaknesses of Mattels core brands. In looking at Barbie specifically, has Mattels success with the the Statesn Girl collection cannibalized gross r evenue from Barbie? Explain.Ans. Mattels core brands have sevenfold strengths. Mattels image overall is one of which parents and consumers trust. The Barbie brand is highly accessorized allowing for multiple products to be marketed and purchased. Other brands such as Hot Wheels and American Girl also have the flexibility to accessorize and customize consumer needs and desires. Some weaknesses that Mattels core brands may have are the lifespan of their products. As children grow older, they are no longer interested in playing with wenchs and cars such as Barbie and Hot wheels and the life span of the product shortens for continual use.The strengths of the Mattels core brands are-Brand Recognition-1. Barbie is Mattels flagship brand and its number one merchandiseer-routinely accounting for more than 50 percent of Mattels sales revenue.2. Barbie was the only Mattel brand that made the list of the 2002 The 100 Best Global Brand.3. American Girl is targeted for lady friends in from 7 12 years old. This is delinquent to different taste in different target market.4. American girl is a well-known line of a historical chicks, books and accessories.Intense take on of the product-Barbie- Captured the anxiety of girls under 7 years old that resulted in high demand. The intense demand seen at the retail stores was insufficiently met for several years.Barbie- The popular fashion dolls in most global market with $2 zillion in worldwide sales yearlyly and more than 1 one thousand thousand dolls sold in four decades.Customer Orientation-Mattel re juted Barbie to more naturally bounce a normal athletic woman in an attempt to forgather the demands for a more realistic doll.Opening of American Girl touch shops New York, Chicago and Los Angeles. The New York store peculiaritys three floors of dolls, accessories, and books in the heart of the 5th Avenue shopping district. The store offers a cafe where girls can dine with their dolls and a stage production where young actresses bring American Girl stories to life.Product assortment and differentiation of the product-Barbie has taken on an generation of different characters, family and friends, and profession.For Barbie, thither are Barbie array for children, ready reckoners and digital cameras with Barbie theme. This is done to retaking more customers and expand their market to attract girls after the age of 7.For American girl, they have books, accessories and even a Store that offers a caf for girls. This has resulted in an gain the product variety for both brands that generates more revenues.Product Development-Mattel introduced the untried line of My Scene dolls aimed at tweens with as trendier, young looking and are considered to be more hip for girls of age group above 7.Other efforts targeted at tweens include the Mystery Squad, a crime-solving crew, and the Barbie Doll as Elle Woods, which is a good word to the blond character in the MGM Pictures film Legally Blond 2.The weaknesse s of Mattels core brands include-Foreign Market Customization being ineffective-Traditional Barbie has triggered the possibility of banned in Malaysia by the Malaysian Consumers Association of Penang, due to her non- Asiatic appearance and the lack of creativity but it was not success. Some other cases standardised in Iran, the non- Islamic characteristics of Barbie and western influences resulted in the confiscation of Barbie doll from toy stores. In Russia, it is interpreted as perverting to young minds that awaken sexual impulses and consumerism among infants. This creates a negative brand images that can bring loss to Mattel.Not only children are leaving existent toys at earlier ages, but the impact of the global market is touch the success of Mattel. Mattels Barbie is well recognized finishedout the global market, but is not considered appropriate in all horti subtletys which are one of the weaknesses of the core brand of Mattel in the international market.The problem of limited dissemination networks of American girl in the international market is also found to be one of the weakness of Mattels core brand, it is been seen that American girl is sold exclusively through catalogues and different stores in New York, Los Angeles and Chicago but there is no evidence or details of the product sold in international market. level(p) though there has been lots of product innovation of the Barbie but its slipping popularity failed it to be the top five parcel outing dolls due to argument in the market.If we talk about the Cannibalization of American girls sales from Barbie several points came into light which tells that American girl has out-performed the sales of Barbie as-1. Barbie successfully catered only to the young girls of 7 years old and below.2. American Girl has a better image. American Girl dolls have a wholesome and educational image- the antithesis to Barbie. The retro versions of Barbie dolls, feature Hooker Barbie, Trailer Trash Barbie an d Drag Queen Barbie are seen slight decent than the image of American girl.These points explains the Cannibalization sales of American girl from Barbie.Q-3. What are the opportunities and threats that Mattel faces as it looks onwards?Ans. Mattel has lots of opportunities as it moves ahead with its product in the market. The opportunities of Mattels product in international market includes its venture into more interactive, educational and technology product line as at once children are preferring to eliminate cartridge clip with music, movies or on the Internet. The American toy market is neat increasingly saturated and competitive, along with a downward shift in age of when children abandon tangible toys such Hot Wheels and Barbie for more interactive and technological products. If Mattel continues with the same product it provides better opportunities to grow ahead in the domestic market.All of Mattels core brands are instantly recognizable more or less the world. Therefore, Mattel has the ability to highly leverage one or all of these brands. Mattel can expand more to international distribution networks apart its reliance on Wall Mart and target hypermarkets like Giant (Malaysia), Carrefour, Cold repositing and local toy distribution network could make Mattels products highly apparent in the international market which would led Mattel to have a better futurity prospects ahead.Mattel can also have An alliance with an Asian company, Bandai, which can prove very beneficial as numerous eastern countries open(a) their markets to western goods. This market has been left largely untapped, and offers a huge plus in customer base.Finally, Mattel must address is that of selling its products in overseas markets. An important aspect of going global is being able to admit to different cultures and to break down cultural barriers. Mattel has done a smaller bit of this with the changing of the product packaging, and some of their Barbie lines. However, ther e are still some countries that are boycotting Mattel because they are offended by some of their products that are being sold. While Mattel is expanding their product lines, they need to take into context the subject each of their products is conveying.By conducting market research, Mattel can find out what values are important in foreign markets. If Mattel neglects to customize to all of their markets, their new products can fail overseas, and therefore the company as a whole forget not be able to expand.The threat that Mattel faces as it looks ahead is that the market is shifting away from tangible toys, which account for a bulk of Mattels core products. Children are adopting more interactive and electronic toys earlier in age today, eroding Mattels primary market of children under the age of 10. This has already forced Mattel to enter, and may force Mattel to further their involvement in the technological realm, a product category in which the firm has performed very poorly. four-year-old customers have less time spending on traditional toys today and the same is evaluate in the future.Intense competition from other toy-makers like Bratz has slowed down the sale of the Mattels product Barbie worldwide and the realization of Mattel for its product distribution mainly on Wal-Mart and Target diminishes its pricing power.Mattel has also experienced problems disruption into foreign markets due to cultural barriers. The Chinese found it offensive that the Barbie doll did not represent people of their cultures, the Russians believe that the doll promotes adolescents to think in a promiscuous fashion at a young age, and the Islamic countries find that the doll goes against their religion with regards to the role and image of women. The foreign market will be very prosperous for Mattel if they can structure their entranceway into the market appropriately.Q-4. If you could make only one recommendation to Mattel, what would be it? asylumAccording to the case, we find that Mattel in the United States, Europe and Latin America market growth is more and more slow, even appear color sign, although they try to into Iran and Russia market, but due to without considering the cultural differences lead to sales were intimately forced to withdraw from there. So our proposal is in full consideration of cultural and religious differences influence, produce to accord with other local culture habit of products, continue to develop and enter into the emerging market, such as Asias chinaware and Africa, which support the companys globalization strategy, and realize the great-leap-forward development.RecommendationThrough the Mattel in Iran market failure we recognize that if a company would like to sell their products to abroad, it must pay attention to the product whether will conflict with local customs and culture, once things happen, be sure to adjust. As is known to all, the Barbie doll is Mattels most celebrated product, which is fashion and fi lled with the western world spacious breath. notwithstanding in Iran, such as makeup and revealing clothes, are not destinyed in a society where women must tire head scarves in public and men and women are not allowed to go to the poll or beach together (page 484 of case study). So if Mattel want to re-enter Iran market in the future, must adjust their products style, below is Irans own doll can be used as Mattels reference.CUsershpDesktopuntitled.bmpOn the other hand, in order to expand the market, increase sales, Mattel should seize the hazard into some of the good prospects for emerging markets, especially Chinese market, which is a toy production country, it is estimated that China toy enterprise has more than 6000, about 75% of the toys made in China over the world. The toy market coat of mainland has the rapid development. In childrens toys market as an example, toy sales from 2.13 jillion RMB in 2001 to 4.44 billion RMB in 2006, which raised by 108%, with an average an nual growth rate of 15.8%. The mainland toy market rise space is enormous. From toy joint network industry report, Chinas per capita consumption in toy only 20 30 RMB (2.4-3.6 dollars), far reduce than per capita consumption in Asian children toys $13 and children all over the world in per capita consumption level of $34 toys. If they reach the Asian average level, childrens toys market scale is expected to will exceed 30 billion RMB. (Long long, M.2006)In the business strategies, because Chinas toy productions are mostly applied in the low-standard level, breed is monotonous, mainly too-generous and wooden material. However, the mainland local toys and international brand compared with large price gap, so the low-standard market has a strong competitive power, the general basic monopoly in large quantities market and vendors, and other sales pipeline. So Mattel should positioning in high-end, supply full play to their own advantages, for example, in a Barbie doll subtitle mar keting history story, telling the story is always the conventional methods. They sell toys as well sell a way of life. According to Mattels design, Barbie have their own lives, thoughts, need a friend, like to dress up, have last to him fairy tale world. Make good use of this advantage, the company entered into the China market is no longer a dream. (Li, L.2011)ConclusionLike many foreign brands to enter the Chinese market, Mattel need pay enough time and patience. After all, in Chinas such a big Oriental country, want to get common identity is not a simple matter. But one thing is sure, respect local culture and customs is very important and necessary.Q-5. How can Mattel raise the decline in Barbies sales? Should Mattel give up on Barbie and accept that fact that the brand will neer regain its former sales status? Explain.Ans. Mattel, Inc. (Mattel) designs, manufactures, and markets a broad variety of toy products worldwide which are sold to its customers and directly to consume rs. Mattels vision is creating the future of play. Mattels objectives are to grow its share in the marketplace, sustain gross margins of about 50%, leverage its scale to deliver cost savings and lower its selling and administrative costs, and create long-term argumentholder value.Barbie doll gladness concept is based on human sensibility, through happiness brand image and happy shopping experience to satisfyconsumer demand happy emotion, so that consumers will be product or brand with the happy belief together, then will be happy with the product or brand linked, to stimulate consumption desire and to promote the marketing concept of consumers purchase behavior.Body partThe concept of Barbie has not only toys, and became an immortal symbolism of American culture. Until now, the business of Barbie bigger and bigger, not only toys, books, clothing, cosmetics, movies and electronic games. Even today, see any one of the two in standard, sexy blonde doll, almost all of people were not consciously known as Barbiewhether this doll is not Mattel produced. This is also proved Barbie industry is how success. As a result of population, technology and social change, Mattel is undergoing modernization, Mattel, in my opinion, cannot reverse the decline of Barbie sales. Although there are still to be improved, Mattel weakness seems to be far less than they were just a few years ago.Specifically, the Mattel Inc. has some very famous brand. The largest is Barbie doll, and now accounts for more than half of the companys revenue. However, the most interesting news for Mattel declining popularity rate of its core products Barbie doll. As of 2002, Barbie dollfell out of the top five best-selling. Mattel Inc. subsequently has been undertaken to rectify market share items, such as computer software and the girls clothing line of Barbie doll. Barbie has tried to fight back. Internet becomes another weapon to reverse the sales decline in 2007 Mattel emited a brand new Barbie Girls. com site where kids can create their own virtual Barbie, and placed in a virtual commercial buildings can also directly involved in product design. The girls also can have around Barbies virtual community space, this was considered a breakthrough attempt, also let Mattel in sales for 7 consecutive years after the decline appeared to pick up. Mattel is also confront with many cultural barriers, these need to overcome the market penetration strategy will be successful. Lack of understanding of cultural replacement, the brand awareness of self-protection is too strong, the Barbie doll isolated in new era outside, so that the target consumers become more and more narrow. Unresponsive market, the Mattel have not been able to guide the trend, the competitors took the opportunity to split its market share.Andin the causation of Mattel Barbie doll become fashionable rage, the former Mattel CEO Jill Barad made a series of mistakes and pricy acquisitions, to make the worlds largest toy manufacturer long-term stock price in a slump. In addition, Mattel in new product launch, behave not just as one wishes, the new design style also no expectation. These are all Mattels malpractice.Conclusion sassy chocolate, eat more will be tired. Barbies decline has a implanted cultural factors and the impact of social thought, to give people a intelligent inspiration. We can see that the United States of America culture is moving toward a diversified ethnic culture, to encourage the pursuit of self-direction stride, and popular culture trend change quickly. Mattel ignore this value orientation, or excessive protection is of brand ego blinded their vision, do not have a proper understanding o of the mind of the public, lost the lead market opportunities.After antagonists successfully host, Mattel still did not take timely measures, wait for the opponent create a certain threat after to respond but too weak. Finally, caused the market share to be cut, the lesson is painful.C areful observation of the leader in the market, we will find their commonness rapid response, countermeasure in time, they will not be trend guide, but to guide the trend. It is simple and lightsome to know.Pacifying the interior before resisting foreign aggression. The first thing Mattel need to do is mould the inner problem, straighten a relation, in order to solve the problem of providing external guarantee. For the external development of Mattel, the problems which should be paid attention to, not in order to cope with the market competition and to launch new products with the opponent, but in the consolidation of existing customers on the Barbie dolls loyalty. They are supporting the Barbie dolls core strength, so that through interaction and understanding of their needs, provide their satisfaction with the program to maintain this part of customers. In order to unify the customer base, and prevent competitors directly off the market share.With the development of computer a nd networks, such as Face book and Twitter applications, Barbie doll will be able to control its sales decline. This is a very expensive to change their production and advertising means. The only advantage of this strategy, both short-term and long-term within, they will not bear any additional costs. In this way, Mattelcan use their own resources,make full use of social networking technology environmental advantage in price, and try to participate in the market competition. Having the correct marketing strategy and innovative products Barbie doll product line, will become more interactive and educational products, Mattel can still create the market to meet their needs.Also around the world set up Barbie doll flagship store, experiential marketing, will drive the Mattel sales market, strive for the biggest market share.

Assessment Aims in Science Lessons

appraisal Aims in light LessonsDiscuss, evaluate and formulate upon the engineers of prisement for development in ancient acquirement, and consider strategies that may be busy to identify childrens strengths and weaknesses. designate how appraisal reading can be charged to varan childrens carry on in light, and inform and train quality instruct and nurture. display lore became a core subject for primal schools in 1989 with the mental institution of the matter Curriculum. Primary scholarship has a broad agenda, an master(prenominal) fraction of which is the development of scientific literacy in the population (Howe et al., 2005, p.5), the scientific understanding that should be part of every whizs education. Teachers plunge a responsibility to ensure that childrens experiences in indigenous intuition be positive ones so that much children pass on under draw off post primary lore subjects. judicial decision for acquire, an big element of primary inf ormation, has come to prominence in educational form _or_ system of government because of its perceived potential to underpin lifelong acquisition (Black et al., 2006, p.120). Described as a teaching strategy of very high leverage (Howe, 2004, cited in Marshall Drummond, 2006, p.133), judgement for knowledge allows teachers to track educatee learning and carry on and intent quality teaching using enamor strategies.Aims of Primary cognition commandmentChildren control m any ideas roughly the mankind and how it works earlier they come to school and experience light in the context of their mundane lives, for example ab step to the fore children will render some knowledge slightly plants and animals, or will understand that a lolly melts. The most all- in-chief(postnominal)(prenominal) aim of primary skill is to foster childrens appreciation of the worldly concern around us, to encourage a close watching of our physical environment, and to develop an understanding of how disparate aspects of it be related to (Howe et al., 2005, p.6).Views close to science adjudge changed in recent decades with a recognition that transmission modes for teaching in science are not appropriate (Gray Bryce, 2006, p.171). A spend a pennyivist view of teaching science has been adopted which recognises that children learn best when they are able to compel tonic ideas and concepts from existing ones. In order to teach primary science stiffly, teachers must have a sound subject knowledge and an appropriate understanding of these constructivist theories (Traianou, 2996, p.828). Key Stage one children, for example, learn a deal virtually science through play and ideas must be grow in experiences that are meaningful to them. Effective learning in science cannot be facilitated by providing children with facts and information becauseFacts unrelated to concepts that children already have are meaningless and because of no use to them.Children use their own ide as to construct understanding. While they may be able to recall answers, understanding only(prenominal) evolves show up of their own experience.(Harlen Jelly, 1998, p.26).Science is very much a wreak based subject in which learners develop their understanding of things around them by using and developing subroutine skills (Harlen Qualter, 2004, p.133). Effective legal opinion in science should be reflective of this by universe an ongoing process in the schoolroom.The Primary Science CurriculumOne of the main ideas in the National Curriculum is that of scientific enquiry which is seen as learning about ideas and shew and three stands of investigative skills planning, obtaining and presenting evidence and evaluating (Howe et al.,2005, p.8). Each strand consists of a number of processes which are to be taught through the subject areas of life processes and support things, materials and their properties and physical processes. A practical near to learning in science is vital for primary school children. The teachers role as learning facilitator centres on creating a rich and stimulating learning environment, allowing children to seek and test their ideas. At every stage in the science process, quarrel skills can be developed to assist the learning of science and misdeed versa (Sherrington, 1993, p.206).Assessment begins from the runner and it is useful to start science teaching with an activity to mention out what children know about a topic before beginning teaching, paying particular vigilance to the wording children use..Assessment in ScienceAssessment is a process of deciding, collecting and making inferences or judgements about evidence of childrens learning and skills (Harlen Qualter, 2004, p.121). One of the main conclusions arrived at by the Children instruction in Science Project (CLISP) is the importance of establishing whether children have any misconceptions about scientific concepts and addressing these before moving on. Effective assessment is therefore crucial for primary science as pre-conceived ideas can have an ominous effect on learning.There are two main areas in assessment, pliant and summative. constructive assessment, an ongoing process for the teacher, provides immediate evidence of learning and should be used to inform planning for teaching. Gathering information about learning and giving feedback while it is in progress has been seen as a crucial aspect of teaching since the Task grouping on Assessment and Testing (TGAT) report was published in 1988 (MacGilchrist et al., 2006, p.84). It has a number of strengths because of its focus on learners and how they learn.Summative assessment is generally administered to gather evidence of learning at the end of the teaching period. It has often been criticised as failing to take a holistic view of the learner. A comprehensive science design will incorporate both elements but the plastic assessment will be of most use to the teacher on a daily al -Qaida.The Purposes of AssessmentAssessment is a statutory requirement for teachers. Section 3.2 of the Requirements for passing play to Teach has a range of requirements in respect of monitoring and assessment, among them that teachers monitor and assess as they teach, giving immediate and constructive feedback to support pupils as they learn. They involve pupils in reflecting on, evaluating and improving their own performance (TTA, 2002, p.11).Assessment enables teachers to square off how effectively children have been learning in science. It has a number of aims includingTo assistant childrens learning by identifying what they are making grave progress with and areas in which they take up further support.To summarise doings at certain times.(Harlen Qualter, 2004, p.124).This has important implications for primary science teaching in light research suggesting that children have many misconceptions in respect of scientific concepts. Harlen and Jelly have report that misconce ptions in science arise fromAttributing an effect to a particular swash and not having an understanding that a number of factors may be operating.A lack of awareness that there may be more than one explanation.Not understanding science vocabulary.Insufficient opportunity to test ideas and talk of findings.A lack of access to alternative ideas that might provide a better explanation.(Harlen Jelly, 1998, p.24).Effective assessment can address this by being an integral part of activities, with teachers constantly seeking information that enables them to support learning and give appropriate feedback. The teacher can then diagnose learning responses and needs, and note the progress that is being made (MacGilchrist et al., 2006, p.85). Formative assessment methods have received attention in recent years, being more worthy to achieving the goals ofLearning with understanding mind learninghighlighted by the Assessment right Group as being crucial in the aim to equip learners for a p lace in a rapidly shrinking world and changing society (Assessment Reform Group, 2006, p.8).Methods of Assessing Childrens Progress in ScienceA substantial amount of learning in science occurs impertinent school, being accessed through field trips, zoos, science museums etc. (Braund Reiss, 2006, p.214). Because of this teachers must have a range of ship canal of gathering evidence to assess pupil learning and understanding and be able to use this as the basis for attendant teaching.Methods that the teacher can use includeObserving children as they work- the teacher can gauge learning by listening to the ways in which children work their way through an activity, with particular attention to their use of scientific vocabulary. The language used by the children is a very good indicator of their understanding. Open-ended teacher questioning gives children opportunities to express their ideas and develop them. query shows that where lay out scientific language is taught, children de velop more accurate scientific concepts (Sparks-Linfield Warwick, 1998, p.128).Studying childrens work in relation to a assess drawings, reports and written work. For this to be most effective, it is important that the assign requirements are clear. For example, if the aim is to assess childrens understanding of the structure of a flowering plant, it is important that the children are not simply asked to draw a flower, but that the task requires the parts to be labelled or signald in some way.Administering tests related to the learning activity.Having a plenary session where the children can talk about what they think they have learned from a task or activity.Involving Children in the Assessment addressCentral to formative assessment is the idea of involving children in their learning. Black and William found that self and peer assessment in children as young as five was successful in raising achievement (Black William, 1998). The effectiveness of involving children in the as sessment process stems from an understanding that children learn most effectively when they have opportunities to build new ideas on existing experiences. For this draw near to be successful, it has to be carefully planned for by the teacher. The children need a clear understanding of the learning intentions of a lesson to be able to assess if they have achieved them.The teacher must be very explicit, particularly in relation to processes within science. If it is not clear that the learning intention is process based, children tend to focus on their answers rather that the methods used for obtaining them. Harlen Qualter point out that when children understand what they should be doing and how well, they are in a position to component in deciding the next steps to be taken (Harlen Qualter, 2004, p.179). This approach does not suggest a lack of rigour in toll of assessment, the ultimate decisions in the management of which are teacher directed.Assessing Childrens Process SkillsCh ildren use the process skills they have developed when they engage with tasks. Teacher observation is very important here but it is important for teachers to be aware that some types of behaviour are more indicative of learning than others and to be able to differentiate between them. The teacher needs to consider what would indicate that a child is giveing a particular skill, for example observation. In this deterrent example the teacher might look for evidence of the child paying attention to detail, really exploring an object. The degree to which a particular skill is being employed will likewise be different for older and young children. With younger children it is most important to develop positive attitudes to science and to give children opportunities to be scientists through access to a range of science equipment and to nurture correct use of scientific vocabulary. victimisation assessment to improve learning in scienceEvidence gathered by the teacher must be used to make judgements regarding the effectiveness of the learning. This process can be raise by discussion with the children. Harlen and Qualter have identified three reasons for using assessment to help learning in scienceKnowing what ideas learners bring to new experiences and how these ideas develop during their activities is central to learning through enquiry. Using assessment as part of the teaching means that information can be smooth about progress towards goals. If activities provide opportunities for skills, understanding and attitudes to be developed, then they also provide opportunities for these to be assessed and for the information to be used to help learning.wide accepted theories of learning emphasis the role of learners in constructing their own understanding, the constructivist approach. Formative assessment involves children in recognising where they are in progress towards goals and in the decisions about what their next steps are and how to take them.There is firmly o pen up evidence that when the key components of formative assessment are practised, levels of achievement are raised.(Harlen Qualter, 2004, p.132).Assessing Childrens Ideas in ScienceChildren have many ideas about science when they start school. It is important to establish what these are and plan teaching accordingly. news is extremely important in primary science and teachers must hit a climate in which children can express ideas with confidence. Keogh and Naylor have pointed out the importance of thisIf we want children to think out loud, to be notional in their thinking and to argue about alternative possibilities, then we need to provide the kind of learning environment in which they feel satisfied to do that. They need to know they can make mistakes or give wrong answers and still feel good about themselves. (Keogh Naylor, 2004, p.18). Scientific language should be introduced when appropriate and in contexts that allow children to develop an awareness of the different me anings that words may have in everyday and scientific contexts.Using Assessment to Inform TeachingChildrens ideas, whether in oral or written form, often give an indication of experience or skills that are lacking. This is an important consideration when planning teaching. When children are displaying a lack of experience, it is required to provide experiences for them. For example, organising a trip to the local park to investigate sustainment things. Children often have ideas about science which may not reflect reality and can be difficult to change. In this case it is necessity to scaffold and model alternative explanations for children. It is important that teachers use assessment information and evidence to address any misunderstandings or misconceptions that children may have. The strength of formative approaches to assessment is that difficulties can be addressed in the short line before misconceptions are too well cemented.ConclusionThe Government believes that primary e ducation is aboutChildren experiencing the joy of discovery, solving problems, being creative in writing, art and music, developing their confidence as learners and maturing socially and emotionally (DfES, 2003, p.4). discovery and problem solving are central to science teaching and an effective programme for assessment can be used to facilitate this by enabling teachers to plan and devise lessons accordingly. explore has shown that implementing the essential features of formative assessment in classrooms leads to gains in achievement that are greater than those of equivalent groups where formative assessment is not practised (Harlen Qualter, 2004, 137).Marshall Drummond have pointed out that assessment for learning demands a high degree of organisation in the classroom if it is going to help pupils become independent learners (Marshall Drummond, 2006). It is essential that teachers feel sufficiently confident in respect of subject knowledge pertaining to science and plan intera ctive lessons for children that mirror the interactive nature of assessment for learning.In science learning children must begin with what they know. The teacher must therefore employ a range of strategies for gathering this information and must apply it to subsequent teaching. This can lead to quality teaching and learning in science and to positive experiences for children and their teachers.ReferencesAssessment Reform Group (2006) The Role of Teachers in the Assessment of Learning. retrieved from www.assessment-reform-group.org 18.01.07.Black, P., McCormick, R., James, M. Pedder, D. (2006) Learning how to learn and assessment for learning A theoretical inquiry. explore Papers in Education, 21, 2, 119-132.Black, P. William, D. (1998) Assessment and classroom learning. Assessment in Education, 5, 1, 7-74.Boyle,B. Bragg, J. (2006) A Curriculum Without Foundation. British educational Research Journal 32,(4), 569-582.Braund, M. Reiss, M. (2006) Validity and outlay in the Scien ce Curriculum Learning give instruction Science out of doors the Laboratory. The Curriculum Journal, 17, 3, 213-228.Buldu,M. (2006) Young Childrens Perceptions of Scientists A Preliminary Study. Educational Research, 48, 1, 121-132.Bullock, K. Muschamp, Y. (2006) Learning about learning in the primary school. Cambridge Journal of Education, 36, 1, 49-62.Cameron, L. (2002) Metaphors in the learning of science A discourse focus. British Educational Research Journal. 28, 5, 637-688.Carr, J. J. (1993) The cheat of Science A Practical Guide to Experiments, Observations and Handling Data. San DiegoHighText Publications.Cheney, A., Flavell, H., Harrison, C, Hurst, G. Yates, C. (2002) Thinking done Science. capital of the United Kingdom John Murray PublishersClarina R.B. Koul, R. (2006) The Effects of Different Forms of Feedback on Fuzzy and exact Memory of Science Principles. British Journal of Educational Psychology. 76, 259-270.Coles, M., Gott, R. Thornley, T. (1988) Active Scie nce Teachers Guide. capital of the United Kingdom Collins Educational.Department For Education and Skills (DfES)(2003) righteousness and Enjoyment. capital of the United Kingdom DfES.Driessen,G., Smit, F. Slegers, P. (2005) Parental Involvement and Educational Achievement. British Educational Research Journal, 31, 4, 509-532.Gray, D.S. Bryce,T. (2006) Socio-Scientific Issues in Science Education Implications for the Professional Development of Teachers. Cambridge Journal of Education. 16, 2, 171-192.Harlen,W. (2001) The Teaching of Science in Primary Schools. capital of the United Kingdom David Fulton Publishers.Harlen, W. Jelly, S. (1998) Developing Science in the Primary Classroom. London Longman.Harlen, W. Qualter, A. (2004)(4th edition) The Teaching of Science in Primary Schools. London David Fulton Publishers.Hollins, M. Whitby, V. (1999) Progression in Primary Science A Guide to the genius and Practice in Key Stages 1 and 2. London David Fulton Publishers.Howe, A., Davi es, D., McMahon, K., Towler, L. Scott, T. (2005) Science 5-11 A Guide for Teachers. London David Fulton Publishers.Jenkins, E.W. (2006) School science and citizenship Whose science and whose citizenship? The Curriculum Journal, 17, 3, 197-211.Keogh, B. Naylor, S. (2004) Childrens ideas, childrens feelings. Primary Science Review, 82, 18-20.Kennedy, J. (Ed.) (1997) Primary Science Knowledge and Understanding. LondonRoutledge.Layton, D. (1973) Science for the People The Origins of the School Science Curriculum in England. London Allen and Unwin.Lunn, S. (2002) What We Think We Can Safely Say. Primary Teachers Views on the character of Science. British Educational Research Journal, 28, 5, 649-672.MacGilchrist, B., Myers, K. Reed, J. (2006) The Intelligent School. London Sage Publications.Marshall, B. Drummond, M.J. (2006) How teachers engage with assessment for learning lessons from the classroom. Research Papers in Education, 21, 2, 133-149.Mintzes, J.J., Wandersee, J.H. Novak, J. D. (2005) Assessing Science Understanding A Human Constructivist View. San Diego Elsevier Academic Press.OHear, P White,J. (1993) Assessing the National Curriculum. London Paul Chapman.Osborne, R, Freyberg, P. (1991) Learning in Science The Implications of Childrens Science. Auckland Heinemann.Qualifications and Curriculum Authority. (QCA)(2000) Standards at Key Stage 2 English, Mathematics and Science A key out for Headteachers, Class Teachers and Assessment Co-Ordinators on the 2000 National Curriculum Assessments for 11 course Olds.Rubie-Davies, C., Hattie, J. Hamilton, R. (2006) Expecting the Best for Students Teacher Expectation and Academic Outcomes. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 76, 429-444.Sherrington, R. (1993) Science and speech communication in R. Sherrington (Ed.) ASE Primary Science Teachers Handbook. Hemel Hempstead Simon and Schuster Education.Sparks-Linfield, R. Warwick, P. (1998) Use of Language Across the Primary Curriculum. London Routledge.Sum mers, M. (1994) Science in the Primary School The Problem of Teachers Curricular Expertise. The Curriculum Journal, 5, 2, 179-193.Sutton,C. (1992) Words, Science and Learning. Buckingham Open University Press.Task Group on Assessment and Testing (1988) Report. London DES.Teacher Training position (TTA) (2002) Qualifying to Teach Professional Standards for Qualified Teacher Status and Requirements for sign Teacher Training. London TTA.Traianou. A. (2006) Teachers adequacy of subject knowledge in primary science Assessing constructivist approaches from a socio-cultural perspective. International Journal of Science Education, 28, 8, 827-842.Tymms,P. (2004) Are Standards acclivitous in English Primary Schools? British Educational Research Journal. 30, 4 ,477-494.Von Secker, C. (2004) Science achievements in social contexts Analysis from National assessment of educational progress. Journal of Educational Research, 98, 2, 67-78.Ziman, J. (2000) Real Science What it is and What it Means . Cambridge Cambridge University Press.

A Slaves Soul Runs Deep Essay -- essays papers

A Slaves intelligence Runs DeepA Slaves Soul Runs DeepThe metrical composition The Negro Speaks of Rivers by Langston Hughes is some a homophile with a vast knowledge and understanding of rivers. The first two sentences of the poetry are similar, as in both Hughes states, Ive known rivers. From this the contributor gathers that this man has been around rivers and probably lived around rivers. He talks approximately different experiences he has had on four different rivers. For example he says, I bathed in the Euphrates when dawns were young and this gives the impression that he was around broad ago when the river was just starting to form. Another quote, I heard the telling of the Mississippi when Abe Lincoln went down to New Orleans shows a modulation of time from the first quote as this historically places him in a much more modern time frame. On an unobjective aim I think that this is a poem about different rivers that Hughes feels prone to for some unexplained reason . However, based on a close indication I would argue through and through the explication approach that this poem can be seen in a different light. While some may argue otherwise, I weigh that on an explicative level Hughes is creating a comparison mingled with his soul and the rivers. In taking a closer look at many different aspects such as genre, my close reading interpretation, and out of doors research I have reached a conclusion. I have sight that Hughes did a wonderful job of describing the slave experience as seen through his soul and the souls of all others who have experienced slaveholding.I believe that Hughes poem is oral. It seems to read as if he is passionately reciting to some fictional audience. It makes common sense for his presentation to be oral as he is describing his history as well as the... ...eaks of Rivers. This clearly demonstrates how truly important the issue of slavery was to him and how his life had become symbolized by the poem.This poem at fir st seemed aboveboard to me. As I read it more closely and thought about it more I began to put bits and pieces together. I think Hughes has done a wonderful job of describing the slave experience, from the beginning of his narrative to the end, which is when he starts to finish that a brighter future might exist. The way it was written made me real think about what it was Hughes was trying to say. This poem made me realize that a great many people suffered as slaves. These people lived their whole lives in this capacity, most without hope of any change of status. I felt comparable I was putting together a jigsaw puzzle and it was a good feeling when I finally saw what I believe Hughes wanted me to see.

The Metamorphosis of Johnny Tremain :: Tremain

The metabolic process of maverick Tremain   insurgent Tremain is like a butterfly he went by a transformation. Johnny Tremain is a book by Esther Forbes about a crippled boy during the American Revolution and the events he endures. Johnny Tremain was a very alive(p) character because people and events affected him.   People mixed bag main characters in many books. Johnny Tremain is no exception. In Johnnys possibility it was the Lyte and the Lapham families. Both the Lapham family and the Lyte family probably did not mean to change Johnny, but they did. Johnny was orphaned after his mother died but was able to stay in the Laphams house and to be an apprentice to Mr. Lapham, an elderly silver medal smith who amend Johnny in this art. He was always Mr. Laphams favorite because Johnny was the finest apprentice out of the three that were there until Dove, one of the apprentices, passed Johnny a amiss(p) crucible. Johnnys thumb then got grown into his palm w hen he healed. After the injury, Mr. Lapham and the total family found Johnny useless and queer (because of his thumb). Dont touch me Dont touch me with that indescribable hand Issanah squealed. After then Johnny grasped the fact that he went from the reach to the bottom in a matter of days. It taught him that nothing is forever. Furthermore, Mrs. Lapham a widowed mother of four, was probably the cruelest Lapham of all, after he got crippled. She told him that he was only profound for picking rags. She to a fault virtually shooed Johnny out of the house. This made Johnny go find a better life outside of the Laphams shop. It also taught him to be independent. There is usually more than one family that changes a dynamic character like Johnny. The Lyte family also helped Johnny in his transformation. The Lytes are Johnnys fat relatives that claim they are not related to Johnny. Johnny has a silver cup to prove his congress, but the Lytes still deny any relation to J ohnny and claim that he stole the cup from them. When Johnny was freshman looking for a job, he thought he could go to the Lytes and lease for some money.

Lord of the Flies :: essays papers

Lord of the Flies stilted Restraints in Lord of the FliesGOLDING PUTS SO MANY ARTIFICIAL RESTRAINTS ON HIS STORY IN ORDER TO EMPHASISE HIS POINT, THAT THE WHOLE THING COMES place TOO NEATLY AND, IN FACT, REDUCES THE POWER OF HIS MESSAGE. I think that, age the boys experience immense bad luck due to the author, the story stock-still proves its point. It is still possible though, that the bad luck of the boys could have been experienced in real life-time. I think that without this bad luck, the point of the story wouldnt be as great, because without the restraints Golding placed on the boys, life on the island would have been too easy for the boys. The major constraint that Golding puts on the boys is the personality clash between rascal and Ralph. From the beginning, when Ralph is elected leader, Jack hates Ralph, and towards the fire of the book, the feeling becomes mutual. Without Jack and Ralphs problems, life would have been easy, and the darkness of globes heart wo uld not have been conveyed to the reader. Jack proves the darkness and if he and Ralph had just been friends, there would never have been an opportunity for Jack to show this darkness which lurked beneath the surface. Golding also uses the dead pilot conveniently against the boys - the path in which he is caught in the trees just in the right localize to be caught by the wind and look like the beast and the counseling the wind picks up after Simon has let him down from the trees and carries him out to sea, so that the other boys cannot see that it wasnt a beast. The author uses the boys fear against them, and although this could possibly happen in the situation, Golding uses it as a limb against them, their morale and their companionship. I think that the boys split up and go to Jack because of the fear - he can kill the beast, he can live on them meat, and if they ever get upset, he can start a spring and all will be fine.

Newtons Method :: Newton-Raphson Method

Finding root of a unravel is often a task which faces mathematicians. For simple consumptions, such as pathar ones, the task is simple. When functions reverse to a greater extent complex, such as with cubic and quadratic functions, mathematicians call upon more convoluted rules of finding roots. For many functions, there exist formulas which allow us to find roots. The most common such formula is, perhaps, the quadratic formula. When functions slip by a degree of five and higher, a convenient, root-finding formula ceases to exist. Newtons system is a tool used to find the roots of tight any equation. Unlike the cubic and quadratic equations, Newtons method more accurately, the Newton-Raphson Method can help to find roots of just about any type of function, including all polynomial functions.Newtons method use derivative calculus to find the roots of a function or relation by first taking an approximation and so improving the accuracy of that approximation until the root is found. The idea behind the method is as follows. Given a point,P(Xn,Yn), on a curve, a line tangent to the curve at P crosses the X axis at a point whose X coordinate is closer to the root than Xn. This X coordinate, we will call Xn+1. Repeating this process using Xn+1 in place of Xn will return a new Xn+1 which will be closer to the root. Eventually, our Xn will equal our Xn+1. When this is the case, we have found a root of the equation. This method may be unnecessarily complex when we atomic number 18 solving a quadratic or cubic equation. However, the Newton-Raphson Method compensates for its complexity in its breadth. The following examples show the versatility of the Newton Raphson Method.Example 1 is a simple quadratic function. The most practical approach to finding the roots of this equation would be to use the quadratic equation or to work out the polynomial. However, the Nowton-Raphson method still works and allows us to find the roots of the equation. The sign num ber, Xn, 3, is a relatively poor approximation. The choice of 3 illustrates that the initial shot can be any number. However, as the initial approximation worsens, the tally becomes more laborious.Example 2 demonstrates one of the advantages to Newtons method. habit 2 is a Quintic function. Mathematician, Niels Henrik Abels proved that there exists no convenient equation, such as the cubic equation, which can help us find the functions roots.

Marketing Research Tools Essay -- Market Research

tradeing Research ToolsBefore launching or expanding a business venture, there ineluctably to be an understanding of the assiduity, its competitors, and its customers. trade look is vital in assisting companies in the decision-making process and their tradeing direction. data from food marketplaceing investigate is important because it provides companies with ways to identify opportunities, identify market potential, decrease chances of loss, devise effective marketing strategies, gauge customer satisfaction, and get along as an evaluation tool.A wide-range of marketing research tools is available to market researchers and organisational decision makers. The following focuses specifically on data assemblage methods for conducting twain main(a) and inessential research and provides an examination of the differences in primary and secondary research when using qualitative and quantitative climb upes. first-string and unessential trade Research primary winding comm ercialize ResearchA ships companys marketing research objective could be to effect the market direct of a product or service establish strategies of industry competitors establish the level of consumer awareness, and establish what the four Ps should be (product, price, place, and promotion). Market research is categorized into two types primary and secondary market research. Primary market research, also referred to as field research, is tailored to the specific needs of a company. Primary market research allows companies to investigate specific areas of interest, which is conducted immediately by the company or contracted out to a third fellowship research firm. Primary data-collection methods aim at getting the obligation learning about the trends in the market firsthand under this approach a company gets inf... ... the company already knows what it wants to study or not. whole kit and caboodle CitedBrockfield Solutions. (2012). utility(prenominal) & Primary Research. Retrieved from http//www.brockfieldsolutions.co.uk/secondary-and-primary-research.aspxDeVault, G. (n.d.). Choosing Between Qualitative and Quantitative Methods. What Are You essay to render? Retrieved from http//marketresearch.about.com/od/market.research.techniques/a/Choosing-Between-Qualitative-And-Quantitative-Methods.htmEntrepreneur Media, Inc. (2012). marketing Research. Retrieved from http//www.entrepreneur.com/encyclopedia/ bourne/82400 (and 82616).htmlKumar, D. A., & Day, G. S. (2007). Marketing Research (9th ed.). Hoboken, NJ John Wiley & Sons.SFGate. (2012). The Difference Between unessential and Primary Market Research. Retrieved from http//allbusiness.sfgate.com/marketing/market-research/1310-2.html Marketing Research Tools Essay -- Market Research Marketing Research ToolsBefore launching or expanding a business venture, there needs to be an understanding of the industry, its competitors, and its customers. Market research is vital in assisting compa nies in the decision-making process and their marketing direction. Data from marketing research is important because it provides companies with ways to identify opportunities, identify market potential, minimize chances of loss, devise effective marketing strategies, gauge customer satisfaction, and serve as an evaluation tool.A wide-range of marketing research tools is available to market researchers and organizational decision makers. The following focuses specifically on data collection methods for conducting both primary and secondary research and provides an examination of the differences in primary and secondary research when using qualitative and quantitative approaches.Primary and Secondary Market ResearchPrimary Market ResearchA companys marketing research objective could be to establish the market level of a product or service establish strategies of industry competitors establish the level of consumer awareness, and establish what the four Ps should be (product, price, pl ace, and promotion). Market research is categorized into two types primary and secondary market research. Primary market research, also referred to as field research, is tailored to the specific needs of a company. Primary market research allows companies to investigate specific areas of interest, which is conducted directly by the company or contracted out to a third party research firm. Primary data-collection methods aim at getting the right information about the trends in the market firsthand under this approach a company gets inf... ... the company already knows what it wants to study or not. Works CitedBrockfield Solutions. (2012). Secondary & Primary Research. Retrieved from http//www.brockfieldsolutions.co.uk/secondary-and-primary-research.aspxDeVault, G. (n.d.). Choosing Between Qualitative and Quantitative Methods. What Are You Trying to Prove? Retrieved from http//marketresearch.about.com/od/market.research.techniques/a/Choosing-Between-Qualitative-And-Quantitative-Met hods.htmEntrepreneur Media, Inc. (2012). Marketing Research. Retrieved from http//www.entrepreneur.com/encyclopedia/term/82400 (and 82616).htmlKumar, D. A., & Day, G. S. (2007). Marketing Research (9th ed.). Hoboken, NJ John Wiley & Sons.SFGate. (2012). The Difference Between Secondary and Primary Market Research. Retrieved from http//allbusiness.sfgate.com/marketing/market-research/1310-2.html

Essay --

Marlene Cazahuatl 12/19/13F.D.R Senior Bullying is a serious egression many young kids in society go through. Most of these children that lawsuit this issue many of which are Latinos or from Hispanic descendent are the main ones who suffer from this. These kids are sometimes bullied on where they are from and what they are or what theyre not. The fact being is that no one should feel fright by another person thats most likely the same season as them. Now a days the media play a wide role in uncovering the issue of bullying. The media makes us reflect on how bullying wasnt such a big issue as it is this instant in past generations. The Fact is that we should do what ever is in our detainment to prevent more cases like these and not allow anyone to be a victim of someones aggressive behavior. According to reports from last year 2012, statistics show th at 1 out of 4 students from Hispanic descendent are being bullied in their schools, most of which are afraid of attendin...